XIth General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics

It is impossible to give any brief balanced account of the discussions at this Assembly, the proceedings of which will, in any case, appear fully in various other publications.
The editors have therefore chosen, from among the meetings they or their colleagues attended, those which seemed to them of particular interest, and reports of these meetings appear below.     

中国第四纪海面变化信息系统初探

海面变化研究是具重要理论和实践意义的地学研究领域。全球性气候变化、海面升降和环境变迁的预测等研究,引起国际学术界和各国政府部门高度重视,成为国际地圈－生物圈计划     

International Fellowships and Research Grants

An Anmotated Bibliography on the Origin and Descent of Domestic Mammals 1900–1955. Shimon Angress and Charlfs A. Reed.

A Pre-Cobmbian Crusade To America. Hjalmar R. Holland.

Man's Physical World. Joseph E. Van Riper.

The Future of Alaska: Ecoaomic Consequences of Statehood. George W. Rogers

Early Map of North America. Robert M. Lunny.

Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Resources and Deuelopment, 3d Ed. Richard M. Highsmith, and Jon M. Leverenz

The Ecology of Human Disease. Jacques M. May.

The Ecology of Malnutrition in the Far and Near East. Jacques M. May.

The Economic Development of Tamganyika

Manual of Field Geology. R. R. COMPTON.

Canah and American Economic Develofiment. Carter Goodrich, Julius Ruben, H. Jerome Cranmer, and Harvey H.

Historical Atlas of Religion in America. Edwin Scott Gaustad.

Open Land in Metropolitan Chicago. John J. B. Miller.

Asia: A Regional and Economic Geography. Eleventh edition. L. Dudley Stamp

The Territory of Florida.… John Lee Williams

Africa: its Problems and Prospects. A Biblmgraphzc Suvuey.

Index to Australian Resources Maps of 1940–59.

Theses on Pan American Topics. Frederick E. Kidder and Allen D. Bushong

A Guide to Current Latin American Periodicals. Humanities and Social Sciences. Irene Zimmerman

Magyarorszag Eghajlati Atlasza. J. Kakas

Atoll Environment and Ecology. Herold J. Wiens.

Power in New Zealand: A Geography of Energy Resources in New Zealand. Bryan H. Farrell.

Geographical Conversion Tables. D. H. K. Amiran and A. P. Schick.

Trends in American Living and Outdoor Recreation.

Momtama im Maps. Nicholas Helburn, Melton J. Edie, and Gordon W. Lightfoot.     

中国第四纪海面变化信息系统初探--应用计算机技术对中国第四纪海岸古环境再造与演示

海面变化研究是具重要理论和实践意义的地学研究领域。全球性气候变化、海面升降和环境变迁的预测等研究,引起国际学术界和各国政府部门高度重视,成为国际地圈－ 生物圈计划（ＩＧＢＰ） 的重要研究课题。利用ＧＩＳ软件Ａｒｃ／Ｉｎｆｏ 建立中国第四纪海面变化信息系统,对中国第四纪海面变化进行动态模拟、趋势预测和应用分析,并利用计算机屏幕、图形终端、笔式绘图仪、静电绘图仪和打印机对中国第四纪海岸古环境进行再造和演示。     

Multi-indicator conductivity transfer functions for Quaternary palaeoclimate reconstruction

Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae; single-celled algae) and ostracods (Ostracoda; shelled microcrustacea) are known for their sensitivity to salinity. In palaeolimnology, the potential has yet to be tested for quantifying past salinity, lake level, and by inference, climate change, by application of multiple-indicator transfer functions. We used weighted averaging techniques to derive diatom (n = 91; r ²  = 0.92) and ostracod (n = 53; r ²  = 0.83) conductivity transfer functions from modern diatom, ostracod and water chemistry data collected in lakes of central, western and northern Turkey. Diatoms were better represented across the full gradient than ostracods, at intermediate levels of conductivity in particular, but both transfer functions were statistically robust. Because transfer functions are not infallible, we further tested the strength and simplicity of salinity response and the potential for identifying characteristic associations of diatom and ostracod taxa in different parts of the salinity gradient, to improve palaeoclimate reconstruction. We identified a subset of 51 samples that contained both diatoms and ostracods, collected at the same time from the same habitat. We used Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis of a combined diatom-ostracod data set, transformed to achieve numerical equivalence, to explore distributions in more detail. A clear ecological threshold was apparent at ~3 g l⁻¹ salinity, rather than at 5 g l⁻¹, the boundary used by some workers, equating to the oligosaline-mesosaline boundary. Other salinity boundaries were poorly defined, indicating lack of a simple, well-defined salinity response. We did, however, define characteristic associations of taxa, to facilitate the distinction to be drawn between a hydrologically open, fresh lake and an oligosaline lake, in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Over the rest of the salinity gradient, we highlighted the potential for the multi-proxy approach to strengthen ostracod-based reconstruction in particular, to overcome the problem of broad apparent tolerance ranges in common halophilic taxa such as Limnocythere inopinata, which often dominate in low-diversity fossil assemblages. The combination of multi-proxy quantitative reconstruction, complemented by qualitative understanding of ecological responses generated by the analysis, remains a powerful tool in Quaternary palaeoclimate research.