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Conrad W. Curry Richard H. Bennett Matthew H. Hulbert Kenneth J. Curry Richard W. Faas 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2004,22(4):231-252
Porosity is a fundamental property of marine sediment from which wet bulk density can be easily determined and used in a variety of geoacoustic, geotechnical, and sedimentological studies, analyses, and models. However, methods of sampling marine sands suffer from the common problem of core disturbance making the in situ porosity difficult to obtain. Embedding the sediment within an epoxy resin matrix will minimize the disturbance to the microfabric and preserve the in situ sedimentary structure for subsequent study. Image analysis can then be used on thin sections to study the microfabric and porometry. A comprehensive review and analysis of published data on the porosity of predominantly clean sands has been completed and a simple, accurate, and nondestructive technique is described for preparing and measuring the porosity of marine sediment (siliciclastic sand) that has been infiltrated aboard ship immediately upon sample collection and chemically fixed and infiltrated with epoxy shortly thereafter. The average porosity of 36 samples of marine sand collected offshore Fort Walton Beach, Florida, and embedded with resin was determined to be 41.30%. From the review of published data the average porosity of sand was determined to be 37.7%, 42.3%, and 46.3% for packed, natural (in situ), and loose packing conditions, respectively, for a range of sorting coefficients and grain sizes. 相似文献
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海底沉积物的声学声速特性是沉积物声学中的一个重要的研究方向。正确提取声学原位测量的声速对海底沉积物声学反演至关重要。分析了海底声学原位测试系统的输出子波特性,提出了基于子波提取的互相关双向极值声速提取法。在声速提取过程中,发现某些通道实测声波到达时会出现超出正常范围的异常。分析后认为异常通道的到达波相位出现180°反至现象。通过互相关数值的负极小值提取的声波到达时对互相关正极大值所获得的到达时曲线进行校正后提取声速,得到了正确的结果,说明了本方法的正确性。 相似文献
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Estimates of the drag coefficient over sand waves during calm weather in the southern North Sea have been obtained from measurements of the water slope and currents at different heights (z) above the sea-bed using the log profile and momentum balance methods. An observed phase difference between principal terms in the momentum balance equation is examined theoretically. Drag coefficient estimates are found to agree broadly with previous studies. Owing to bedform asymmetry, average drag coefficient values obtained atz=1 m (C100) are found to be 0·0021 and 0·0029 for flood and ebb tides, respectively. Systematic changes in bed roughness are not detected. Using a momentum balance approach, the average drag coefficient value (Cd) atz=10 m is found to be 0·0056. Changes in 10-min averageCdvalues over sand waves during the tidal cycle are found to be small with bedform asymmetry having no detectable effect. Correlation betweenCdandC100is found to be poor and separation of skin friction and form drag terms is not possible with existing measurements. The inclusion of form drag inC100values at the present site leads to over-estimation of the bed shear stress ({q) available to mobilize and transport sediment. Mobile sediment, detected through the use of tracers and a transmissometer, was not found to have any measurable effect on eitherCdorC100in calm weather conditions. 相似文献
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海水和海洋沉积物中总N的测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
系统介绍海水和海洋沉积物中总氮的测定方法。作者选用过硫酸钾为氧化剂将有关形式的氮转化成硝酸盐,将其还原成亚硝酸盐,连同原有的亚硝酸盐一起测定,获得海水和海洋沉积物中总氮。该方法操作简单安全,精密度为4 .7 % ,回收率为95% ~104 % ,适于船上操作。 相似文献
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选择蒽、9-甲基蒽和9,10-二甲基蒽作为模型化合物,以李村河口区沉积物为培养基质,进行实验室好氧微生态培养,通过超声萃取-柱层析-气相色谱法测定目标污染物浓度随培养时间的变化,研究了它们在自然菌群作用下的生物降解行为。测定方法的基质加标回收率在66.20%~82.95%之间,相对标准偏差在3.34%~6.19%之间。6个月的好氧生物降解实验表明,沉积物中本底蒽由32.88 ng.g-1降到32.32 ng.g-1,降解率仅为1.70%;而在添加了蒽的沉积物样品中其浓度由170.40 ng.g-1降到151.36 ng.g-1,降解率高达11.17%;加入的9-甲基蒽和9,10-二甲基蒽的浓度也分别由133.84 ng.g-1和144.26 ng.g-1减少至122.52 ng.g-1和135.13 ng.g-1,降解率分别达到8.46%和6.33%。相同条件下三种有机污染物的不同降解速率表明,9,10位取代使得蒽在沉积环境中更加持久,自然降解速率更慢 相似文献
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本文通过对南海海底沉积物样品的声学物理参数和沉积粒度特征统计分析,发现了高、低含砂量沉积物的声学物理特征存在明显差异,建立了海底沉积物的含砂量与压缩波速度、孔隙度、含水量和密度等经验公式,分析了含砂量变化与沉积物的体积压缩模量和密度变化的关系,从声速理论基础上阐明了含砂量变化引起沉积物压缩波速度变化的内在原因是含砂量变化引起了体积压缩模量和密度发生了变化,说明了含砂量增大引起沉积物压缩波速度增大的内在原因是含砂量增大引起了体积压缩模量变化量大于密度变化量,从而在数据统计和理论分析结合基础上,论证了含砂量是影响海底沉积物压缩波速度的重要因素之一。这一研究对声学方法反演海底沉积物粒度参数和沉积物类型、地声参数转换模型的建立,以及对水声反演海底和海底资源勘探等方面都具有重要理论意义和应用价值。 相似文献
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海底生物燃料电池作为电源驱动小型电子器件的应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
海底沉积物生物燃料电池(简称海底生物燃料电池)是一种新型的海洋能源材料电池,它的发电机理主要是利用海底沉积层内细菌代谢产生电子,通过人工放置的改性阳极收集电子,产生电能,可用于驱动水下监测仪器的长期连续运行.本研究首先设计海底生物燃料电池实验室装置,利用电池串联升压的方式,实现其驱动小型电子装置和监测仪器的连续运行.在此基础上,设计并安装了实际海况电池实验装置,利用并联设计和特殊升压装置,在胶州湾浅海成功驱动小型电子装置的运行.本研究初步验证了海底生物燃料电池作为电源驱动仪器的可行性. 相似文献
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东海和凯尔特海潮流沙脊的对比研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
东海潮流沙脊与凯尔特海沙脊均为开阔陆架上的大型深水沙脊,它们都形成在冰后期海面上升时期。目前仍然经受现代潮流和风暴浪的作用,具有一定的活动性,处于活动沙脊和衰亡沙脊之间的发育过程,属于准活动沙脊。与东海比较,凯尔特海的动力作用更强。东海沙脊横剖面大多呈向西南方向倾斜的前积层理,偶见波浪侵蚀面,反映以潮流作用为主形成的沙脊内部结构的特点;凯尔特海沙脊剖面呈现复杂的交错层理,内部有较多的波浪侵蚀面,这是潮流和波浪共同作用形成的沙脊内部结构的特点。 相似文献
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天津市海洋功能区划的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用对比分析法和GIS时空数据模型,研究2008年版天津市海洋功能区划相对2000年版的变化特征,分析区划分类体系和编制原则的变化,探讨了经济、社会、资源和环境等条件的变化,并分析区划空间结构和布局的变化特征。结果表明:(1)按照对人地关系疏密程度划分区划分类体系有利于识别开发、整治和保护区域界线;(2)兼容功能是解决当前区划体系存在主要问题的有效思路;(3)增殖区是天津市区划最大的变化来源,而围海造地区是主要的变化取向;(4)第二、三产业用海功能区呈现空间扩大趋势,近岸海域的增殖区呈现规模减小、空间布局转向较深海域趋势。 相似文献
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This article presents a testing study on the strain-rate effects on the stress--strain behavior of natural, undisturbed Hong Kong marine deposits (HKMD) from three Hong Kong locations, including a one-dimensional (1-D) compressibility in a confined condition, and undrained shear strengths in triaxial compression and extension modes. The influences of the strain rates on the one-dimensional compressibility are studied by means of constant rate of strain (CRS) tests and multistage loading oedometer (MSL) tests, and those on the undrained shear strengths are studied by Ko-consolidated undrained compression and extension tests with step-changed axial strain rates (CKoUC and CKoUE tests), and with both step-changed axial strain rates and relaxation processes (CKoUCR and CKoUER tests). The strain-rate effects on the stress--strain behavior are generally examined by “apparent” preconsolidation pressures in the 1-D compressions and undrained shear strengths in the triaxial compression and extension stress states. The stress--strain behavior of the natural, undisturbed HKMD exhibits considerable viscous characteristics. In the CRS and MSL tests at a given strain, the higher the strain rate, the higher the effective stress, the higher the porewater pressure. In the undrained shearing tests, the higher the strain rate, the higher the undrained shear strength, but the lower the porewater pressure. For the CKoUC and CKoUE tests on the Tsing Yi site samples, the undrained shear strength increases by 8.5% and 12.1% for one order increment of axial strain rate of 0.2%/hr (i.e., ρ0.2) for the compression and extension modes respectively. For the CKoUCR and CKo tests on the Tung Chung site samples of different compositions, average ρ0.2 is increased by 6.2% for the compression and 9.5% for the extension, but by 18.8% for the extension on a higher plastic sample. The present study shows that the strain-rate effects on the stress--strain behavior of the undisturbed HKMD are larger for specimens in extension than those in compression. 相似文献