隔震结构的设计与分析方法

结合正在修订的《建筑抗震设计规范》,介绍了隔震结构的设计与分析方法及所编制的分析与设计软件的特点,给出了隔震结构的设计实例。     

铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震结构双向地震反应分析

本文对铅芯叠层橡胶支座双向耦合恢复力模型进行了改进，采用基础隔震结构动力分析程序DABIS对铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震结构进行了单向及双向地震反应对比分析。结果表明，在单向和双向地震作用下，基础隔震结构的加速度反应和位移反应较为接近，但在双向地震作用下，支座的最大位移明显大于单向地震作用时的支座最大位移，因而在确定支座最大位移时应考虑双向地震作用的影响。     

组合基础隔震在建筑工程中的应用

隔震作为一种新的抗震技术,已广泛应用于新建和加固的建筑工程,同时,许多新型式的支座得到了开发和应用。组合基础隔震是一种新的隔震设计思想,能充分应用不同类型隔震支座的特性,有效降低上部结构地震反应。本文介绍了组合基础隔震在某一工程中的应用,工程中使用的支座包括普通橡胶隔震支座、铅芯橡胶隔震支座和弹性滑板支座三种类型,对全部使用支座进行了常规检测,结构计算采用等效线性法、能量包络法和时程反应分析等方法,计算结果表明:组合基础隔震能有效降低上部结构的反应,隔震层的变形控制在安全范围之内。     

建筑隔震体系与机构的设计分析方法及工程应用

基础隔震技术可以大大提高中低层建筑及其内部设备的抗震安全可靠度 ,具有非常大的经济效益和社会效益 ,已成为工程结构抗震研究的发展方向之一 ,各国学者都在积极致力于该项技术的研究开发和推广应用。目前 ,研究得较为深入和成熟的基础隔震技术是叠层橡胶支座基础隔震技术和滑动摩擦基础隔震技术 ,而前者的研究开发和推广应用的前景更好。本文首先给出可作为隔震支座辅助机构的花瓣状螺旋弹簧刚度公式的精确解 ,证明了水平刚度具有无方向性 ,与有关文献中利用组合型圆环刚度公式作为近似的计算结果相比 ,与试验结果的符合程度更好。这些公…     

我国建筑结构隔震技术的研究和应用

本文首先简要回顾了国外隔震技术的发展历程,重点概述了我国建筑结构隔震技术多年来在研究、应用及技术立法等方面的进展情况.最后从我国的实际出发,对今后国内隔震技术的研究、应用等方面的进一步发展提出了若干建议.     

橡胶隔震支座力学性能试验研究

在自行研制的压剪试验装置上进行了橡胶隔震支座水平刚度和竖向刚度等力学性能的检测试验研究,试验结果为建筑结构基础隔震设计和橡胶支座设计改进提供了依据。试验检测的产品已用于多个建筑工程。     

基础隔震结构的能量设计方法

本文以能量分析方法为基础,解释了基础隔震结构体系的能量设计原理和设计准则。根据作者建立的标准能量设计反应谱曲线,结合我国现行的抗震设计规范,建立了基础隔震结构体系的能量设计方法,通过能量平衡关系对隔层的变形反应进行预测．最后通过算例说明能量设计方法具有一定的可靠性,为该类体系的进一步推广奠定了基础。     

橡胶隔震支座建筑结构脉动观测与减震性能分析

通过对两幢结构相同、彼此相邻，而其中一幢采用了橡胶隔震支座减展措施的建筑物进行地脉动观测，对比地基基础和结构上的脉动时程曲线和相应功率谱曲线，利用两幢建筑结构脉动特征的差异分析研究橡胶隔震支座的减震效果。     

多层隔震结构两阶段设计法

结合《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001),提出了针对隔震装置设计的隔震结构两阶段设计法。该方法在项目的方案阶段,根据项目的基本情况采用简化估算方法对隔震层进行估算,为方案的确定提供依据;在施工图设计阶段,采用时程分析方法对隔震层进行设计计算,为上部结构和基础设计及隔震装置的选用提供依据。文中以4层多层框架结构体系为例进行了分析,结果显示提出的设计方法具有简便,符合工程应用的特点,且该方法有利于提高设计质量,减少设计周期。     

叠层橡胶隔震支座的动态稳定性和力学特性研究

文章基于简化分析和动力实验，讨论了在隔震建筑设计中与叠层橡胶支座稳定性相关的问题。指出应考虑多个因素，合理确定隔震支座的设计竖向承载力和水平变位限值。另外，根据实测结果，指出准静力实验和动力实验对支座参数可能得出的不同估计，以及在水平地震输入下，隔震体系将发生竖向牵连振动。     

叠层橡胶支座隔震结构地震响应的突变分析

为全面分析地震破坏过程中由非线性引起的,如突变和滞后效应等某些复杂特性,本文在现有的动力分析模型基础上引入了非线性恢复力,并用突变理论分析方法对改进后的模型进行分析,结果表明叠层橡胶支座参数的微小变化使响应振幅及其突变值、振幅响应的不稳定区域等特性产生明显变化,反映出隔震结构的地震响应特性对参数变化非常敏感。由于支座阻尼的耗能作用,当阻尼较大或激振力、非线性参数较小时,地震响应的突变现象消失,产生"伪线性"特性。     

隔震橡胶垫极限性能足尺试验结果与评价

针对隔震建筑中使用的天然橡胶类叠层橡胶垫、高阻尼叠层橡胶垫和铅芯叠层橡胶垫,调查了日本叠层橡胶垫制造公司持有的极限性能足尺试验结果,并对这三类叠层橡胶垫进行了新的足尺极限性能试验.调查与试验结果表明,ISO标准采用的叠层橡胶垫极限性能预测公式是合理可行的.     

铅芯橡胶支座基础隔震体系参数优化配置研究

探讨了铅芯橡胶支座胶支座（LRB）用于基础隔震体系时参数的优化配置问题，对一算例采用非线性时程分析法研究了不同地震波激励下的地震反应。结果表明，对于具体工程控震指标要求，可以通过优选LRB参数来实现。     

Finite‐element analysis of laminated rubber bearing of building frame under seismic excitation

Finite element analysis is carried out for a building frame supported by laminated rubber bearings to simultaneously investigate global displacement and local stress responses under seismic excitation. The frame members and the rubber bearings are discretized into hexahedral solid elements with more than 3 million degrees of freedom. The material property of rubber is represented by the Ogden model, and the frame is assumed to remain in elastic range. It is shown that the time histories of non‐uniform stress distribution and rocking behavior of the rubber bearings under a frame subjected to seismic excitation can be successfully evaluated, and detailed responses of base and frame can be evaluated through large‐scale finite element analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlinear behavior of high-damping rubber bearings under horizontal bidirectional loading: full-scale tests and analytical modeling

Horizontal bidirectional loading tests are conducted for real-sized high-damping rubber (HDR) bearings with diameters of 700 mm (HDR700) and 1300 mm (HDR1300). The hysteresis loops of these bearings under bidirectional horizontal loadings are compared with those under unidirectional loadings. The results show that the bearing force measurement in the primary direction of loading increases when there is displacement in the orthogonal direction. Unusually, the maximum restoring force in the orthogonal direction to the primary loading direction occurs near zero displacement. On the basis of the observations of the restoring forces, a rate-independent model is proposed. This model simulates well the test results under both bidirectional loading and unidirectional loading. It can reproduce the irregular restoring forces characteristics around zero displacement as described above. Bidirectional loading induced twist deformation in the HDR bearings that increased local shear strains. This phenomenon results in an early failure as observed in HDR700. The additional shear strain is estimated based on the twist deformation measured by video image analysis. The comparison of the nominal total shear stress demonstrates that the increase of shear stress because of bidirectional loading occurs when the average shear strain is larger than about 200%. The larger the shear strain, the greater the bidirectional effect. It is shown that the nominal total shear stress of average strain of 350% under bidirectional circular loading pattern is approximately the same as the average shear strain of 400% under unidirectional loading. This means that the average shear strain of 350% under a bidirectional circular loading corresponds to a local shear strain of 400%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

夹层橡胶支座轴压承载力的非线性有限元分析

本文建立了夹层橡胶支座在轴压下有限元计算的简化模型，并进行了非线性有限元分析，研究了夹层钢板的应力重分布规律和轴压破坏机理，轴压承载力计算结果同已有的轴压承载力试验结果符合较好。     

Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Theory

The principles of operation and force–displacement relationships of three novel spherical sliding isolation bearings are developed in this paper. These bearings are completely passive devices, yet exhibit adaptive stiffness and adaptive damping. That is, the stiffness and damping change to predictable values at calculable and controllable displacement amplitudes. The primary benefit of adaptive behavior is that a given isolation system can be separately optimized for multiple performance objectives and/or multiple levels of ground shaking. With the devices presented here, this is accomplished using technology that is inherently no more complex than what is currently used by the civil engineering profession. The internal construction consists of various concave surfaces and behavior is dictated by the different combinations of surfaces upon which sliding can occur over the course of motion. As the surfaces upon which sliding occurs change, the stiffness and effective friction change accordingly. A methodology is presented for determining which surfaces are active at any given time based on the effective radius of curvature, coefficient of friction and displacement capacity of each sliding surface. The force–displacement relationships and relevant parameters of interest are subsequently derived based on the first principles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shaking table test and analysis method on ultimate behavior of slender base‐isolated structure supported by laminated rubber bearings

This paper describes the results of shaking table tests to ascertain the ultimate behavior of slender base‐isolated buildings and proposes a time history response analysis method, which can predict the ultimate behavior of base‐isolated buildings caused by buckling fracture in laminated rubber bearings. In the tests, a base‐isolated structure model weighing 192 kN supported by four lead rubber bearings is used. The experimental parameters are the aspect ratio of height‐to‐distance between the bearings and the shape of and the axial stress on the bearings. The test results indicate that the motion types of the superstructure at large input levels can be classified into three types: the sinking type; the uplift type; and the mixed type. These behaviors depend on the relationship between the static ultimate lateral uplifting force on the superstructure and the lateral restoring characteristics of the base‐isolated story. In the analysis method, bearing characteristics are represented by a macroscopic mechanical model that is expanded by adding an axial spring to an existing model. Nonlinear spring characteristics are used for its rotational, shear, and axial spring. The central difference method is applied to solve the equation of motion. To verify the validity of the method, simulation analysis of the shaking table tests are carried out. The results of the analysis agree well with the test results. The proposed model can express the buckling behavior of bearings in the large deformation range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.