都匀雷达ROSE2.0一次强对流天气过程应用检验

针对黔南州2022年4月24日午后到夜间的一次强对流天气过程,利用实况资料和都匀雷达ROSE2.0在短时强降水、冰雹、雷暴大风方面的监测和预警产品对比检验,结合本地短时临近预报业务应用效果分析,发现：受地形影响都匀雷达ROSE2.0估计降水在大雨以下量级表现较好,但对暴雨以上量级估计值偏小,没有明显短时强降水报警体现,本地化应用门限值降低约3成左右设置更为合理;都匀雷达ROSE2.0对冰雹预警落区指示和命中率较高,但时间提前量平均仅9分钟,对雷暴大风预警仍然有难度,剖面图分析能更好地识别雷暴大风指标。另外,雷达ROSE2.0软件强天气预警算法得到进一步优化,应融入一体化平台等快速支撑预警业务应用。     

一次初夏冰雹天气过程的新一代天气雷达产品特征剖析

针对四川盆地绵阳市梓潼县今年初夏首场区域性强对流冰雹天气过程,从新一代天气雷达产品的分析入手,剖析了强对流冰雹天气过程中雷达产品的特征,分析表明:四川盆地西北部的初夏冰雹天气过程是由强度达65 dBz的勾状强回波产生,冰雹云回波在对流层低层具有垂直伸展厚度不大的强辐合特征.VAD风廓线、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量与冰雹天气的产生在时、空定位上有明显的对应关系.     

WSR/98D与WSR-81S天气雷达应用对比分析

通过对两次冰雹天气过程的两部天气雷达产品的对比分析,表明WSR/98D产品精细、准确,对弱回波探测能力强,在揭示由海风锋造成的强对流冰雹天气的生成演变机制上明显优于WSR-81S.文章还从信息获取原理以及资料加工等方面剖析了WSR/98D的优越性.将新一代天气雷达与旧的业务雷达进行对比分析,比较其探测的优越性.     

甘肃罕见冰雹天气过程个例分析

针对2005年5月30日甘肃区域性罕见冰雹天气过程,结合天气实况、环流形势以及环境场特征,利用卫星云图和新一代天气雷达产品资料,分析了这次强冰雹天气过程的影响系统、云图和雷达回波演变过程,得到了冰雹云在雷达强度回波、速度回波和卫星云图中的特征,揭示了这次强冰雹不是带状冰雹云系移到本地产生的,而是发展成中口尺度（MβCS）的中尺度对流系统造成的。同时,得出了一些做好冰雹预报预警量化指标。     

一次初夏冰雹天气过程的新一代天气雷达产品特征剖析

针对四川盆地绵阳市梓潼县今年初夏首场区域性强对流冰雹天气过程,从新一代天气雷达产品的分析入手,剖析了强对流冰雹天气过程中雷达产品的特征,分析表明:四川盆地西北部的初夏冰雹天气过程是由强度达65dBz的勾状强回波产生,冰雹云回波在对流层低层具有垂直伸展厚度不大的强辐合特征。VAD风廓线、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量与冰雹天气的产生在时、空定位上有明显的对应关系。     

文山州两次强冰雹天气的环流背景和雷达产品对比分析

该文通过对2012年8月5日和2012年8月12日2次强冰雹天气的天气背景及多普勒雷达回波强度、径向速度、垂直液态水含量、冰雹指数等雷达产品的对比分析,总结出在大范围水汽条件不是很有利的环流背景下,文山州8月冰雹天气在多普勒雷达产品上的表现特征和一些定量指标:回波强度≥55 dBz、≥50dBz的强回波垂直伸展高度≥6 km,垂直液态水含量VIL≥25 kg/m2时,容易产生冰雹天气,注意发布强对流天气预警;强对流降雹天气与逆风区和风的辐合有关,超级单体所在区域均对应着逆风区或是辐合线;冰雹指数产品对冰雹预报有很好的指示作用,降雹概率和强降雹概率达到100%时发布冰雹预警,但是冰雹最大直径与实况偏大,只能作为参考。     

一次初夏冰雹天气过程的新一代雷达产品特征剖析

针对四川盆地绵阳市梓潼县今年初夏首场区域性强对流冰雹天气过程，从新一代天气雷达产品的分析入手，剖析了强对流冰雹天气过程中雷达产品的特征，分析表明：四川盆地西北部的初夏冰雹天气过程是由强度达65dBz的勾状强回波产生，冰雹云回波在对流层低层具有垂直伸展厚度不大的强辐合特征。VAD风廓线、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量与冰雹天气的产生在时、空定位上有明显的对应关系。     

黔西南州冰雹与暴雨天气雷达回波特征分析

兴义新一代天气雷达运行两年来,观测到多次冰雹、暴雨天气过程,对其中几次典型个例作分析得出兴义地区冰雹与暴雨天气过程的雷达回波特征。冰雹的雷达回波移动速度快,而暴雨的雷达回波移动速度缓慢;冰雹回波强中心高度高,达8Km以上,暴雨回波强中心高度在7Km以下;通过对回波径向速度图的分析,可以得出冰雹与暴雨的动力结构有着明显的差异。     

喀什地区“8.11”冰雹过程雷达探测分析

利用常规气象探测资料和多普勒天气雷达产品,对 2011年 8月 11 日在喀什发生的一强冰雹天气过程,从天气形势、雷达回波演变特征等几个方面进行了综合分析。结果表明: 这次冰雹天气出现在对流不稳定层结条件下,0 ℃层和 －20 ℃层的高度适宜。多普勒雷达能很好地监测冰雹天气的发生发展演变过程,＞ 70 dBZ 强回波区和悬垂结构及逆风区的出现,垂直累积液态含水量( VIL) 增加等都对冰雹天气的出现具有指示意义,对今后的防雹减灾工作有较好的应用价值。     

滇东南强对流天气雷达回波特征分析

通过对强对流天气典型个例的分析,得到滇东南强对流天气的一些雷达回波特征。冰雹、雷雨大风天气过程强回波高度高,达6~8Km,而暴雨、大暴雨天气过程强回波高度仅3~4Km;冰雹、雷雨大风强对流天气的雷达回波移动速度快,而局地暴雨、大暴雨的雷达回波移动速度缓慢或停滞。冰雹、雷雨大风和暴雨天气的产生与多普勒径向速度场上的逆风区或辐合流场的发生发展密切相关。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.