A Probabilistic Method for Motion Analysis of Caisson Breakwaters

1 .IntroductionInrecent years ,especiallyfrom1994 when aninternational conference on breakwater design washeldinJapan,muchresearchonthe dynamic analysis of caisson breakwaters has been done ,and manyimportant progresses have been made .Oumeraci and Korten…     

Risk Assessment of Vertical Breakwaters -A Case Study in Turkey

In the reliability-risk assessment, the second order reliability index (βⅡ ) method and the Conditional Expectation Monte Carlo (CEMC) simulation are interrelated as a new Level Ⅲ approach for the analysis of the safety level of the Dalaman yacht harbor vertical wall breakwater in Turkey. The missing wave data of the Dalaman measurement station are hindcasted by use of multi-layer feed-forward neural networks with the steepest descent and conjugate gradient algorithms. The structural failure probabilities of sliding and overturning failure modes are forecasted by approximation of the failure sur-face with a second-degree polynomial of an equal curvature at the design point. in the new approach, for each randomly generated load and tide combination, the joint failure probability reflects both the occurrence probability of loading condition and the structural failure risk at the limit state. The approach can be applied to risk assessment of vertical breakwaters in short CPU durations of portable comput     

Reflection of Oblique Incident Waves by Breakwaters with Partially-Perforated Wall

The reflection of oblique incident waves from breakwaters with a partially-perforated front wall is investigated. The fluid domain is divided into two sub-domains and the eigenfunction expansion method is applied to expand velocity poten-tials in each domain. In the eigen-expansion of the velocity potential, evanescent waves are included. Numerical results of the present model are compared with experimental data. The effect of porosity, the relative chamber width, the relative water depth in the wave absorbing chamber and the water depth in front of the structure are discussed.     

Design Method of Armour Grate Plates for Sloping Breakwaters

- Laboratory tests have been conducted on the basis of theoretical analysis of stability of armour Grate Plates with reference to 20 structures. Some empirical formulas of statility thickness of Grate Plates have been obtained in consideration of the effects of water depth in front of the structures and critical wave period. The test results have been compared with field data.     

基于特征接近度的多特征融合方法

特征融合的关键是对特征参数优化组合。本文提出一种基于特征接近度的多特征融合算法。定义吸引力表示特征矢量与原型模式的空间接近程度。用特征矢量与类原型模式之间的吸引力组成接近度矢量,作为融合特征。选择高光谱Hyperion影像作为实验数据,研究基于特征融合的地物分类。实验证明,在特征集相同的情况下,本文提出的方法比主成分分析法具有更好的融合效果。     

Fully Coupled Simulation of Interactions Among Waves,Permeable Breakwaters and Seabeds Based on N−S Equations

Interstitial flows in breakwater cores and seabeds are a key consideration in coastal and marine engineering designs and have a direct impact on their structural safety.In this paper,a unified fully coupled model for wave?permeable breakwater?porous seabed interactions is built based on an improved N?S equation.A numerical wave flume is constructed,and numerical studies are carried out by applying the finite difference method.In combination with a physical model test,the accuracy of the numerical simulation results is verified by comparing the calculated and measured values of wave height at measurement points and the seepage pressure within the breakwater and seabed.On this basis,the characteristics of the surrounding wave field and the internal flow field of the pore structure,as well as the evolution process of the fluctuating pore water pressure inside the breakwater and seabed,are further analyzed.The spatial distribution of the maximum fluctuating pore water pressure in the breakwater is compared between two cases by considering whether the seabed is permeable,and then the effect of seabed permeability on the dynamic pore water pressure in the breakwater is clarified.This study attempts to provide a reference for breakwater design and the protection of nearby seabeds.     

Dynamic Response Analysis for Embedded Large-Cylinder Breakwaters Under Wave Excitation

1 .IntroductionThestaticmethodsarecommonlyusedinthestabilityanalysisofembeddedlarge cylinderbreak waters .Thestaticanalysismodelscanbedividedintotwocategories :simplifiedmodels (Zhouetal.,1 995;WangandZhu ,2 0 0 2 )andfiniteelementmodels (MengandWang ,1 999) .Thesimplifiedmodelsinheritthetraditionalengineeringexperiencesandareconvenienttouseinengineeringprac tice.However,itisdifficultforthesimplifiedmodelstodepictthegeometricandphysicalpropertiesofastructure soilsystemprecisely .Thefiniteel…     

Application of Importance Sampling Method in Sliding Failure Simulation of Caisson Breakwaters

It is assumed that the storm wave takes place once a year during the design period, and N histories of storm waves are generated on the basis of wave spectrum corresponding to the N-year design period. The responses of the breakwater to the N histories of storm waves in the N-year design period are calculated by mass-spring-dashpot mode and taken as a set of samples. The failure probability of caisson breakwaters during the design period of N years is obtained by the statistical analysis of many sets of samples. It is the key issue to improve the efficiency of the common Monte Carlo simulation method in the failure probability estimation of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. In this paper, the kernel method of importance sampling, which can greatly increase the efficiency of failure probability calculation of caisson breakwaters, is proposed to estimate the failure probability of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. The effectiveness of the kernel method is investigated by an example. It is indicated that the calculation efficiency of the kernel method is over 10 times the common Monte Carlo simulation method.     

A Semi-Analytical Potential Solution for Wave Resonance in Gap Between Floating Box and Vertical Wall

China Ocean Engineering - Based on potential flow theory, a dissipative semi-analytical solution is developed for the wave resonance in the narrow gap between a fixed floating box and a vertical...     

直立堤不规则波波浪力研究进展

综述了直立堤不规则波波浪力的研究方法,并围绕这些方法介绍了淡规则波作用下直立堤上波浪力的研究进展。这些研究涉及直立堤前的波浪形态、频谱及方向谱下的波浪力、物理模型的比尺效应、谱分析的有关成果和数学模型的应用等几方面。     

Reliability Index of Caisson Breakwaters for Load Variables Correlated

In order to suit the condition that the wave uplift is correlated with the horizontal wave load acting on a vertical breakwater, a generally used method for determining the reliability index β of the breakwater, i.e. the Hasofer-Lind method, is extended in a generalized stochastic space for correlative variables. The computational results for a caisson breakwater indicate that the value of β for the case of correlated variables is obviously smaller than that for the case of independent variables.     

Interaction of Oblique Waves and A Rectangular Structure with An Opening Near A Vertical Wall

With the method of separation of variables and the eigenfunction expansion employed, an analytical solution is presented for the radiation and diffraction of a rectangular structure with an opening near a vertical wall in oblique seas, in which the unknown coefficients are determined by the boundary conditions and matching requirement on the interface. The effects of the width of the opening and the angle of incidence on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a rectangular structure with an opening near a vertical wall are mainly studied. The comparisons of the calculation results with wall-present and with wall-absent are also made. The results indicate that the variation trends of the heave added mass and excitation force with wall-present are almost the same as those with wall-absent, and that the peak values in the former case are obviously larger than those in the latter due to the reflection of the vertical wall.     

Comparison of Hydrodynamic Performances Between Single Pontoon and Double Pontoon Floating Breakwaters Through the SPH Method

A numerical study adopting the 2D δ-SPH model is performed to compare the hydrodynamic characteristics of a single pontoon floating breakwater and a double pontoon floating breakwater. Numerical simulations are performed using the δ-SPH model and experimental tests are conducted to validate the numerical model. The numerical results of both the free surface elevations and motions of the floating breakwater are in good agreement with the experimental results. Numerical results show that when the ...     

Study of Partial Coefficients for Design of Semicircular Breakwaters

In the present study,the reliability design of semicircular breakwater is based on the verification of the rules defined by standard specifications,where partial coefficients are introduced to ensure safety.The reliability of the semicircular breakwaters has been analyzed by using the Hasofer-Lind method to determine the reliability index of structure that has correlated loads,utilizing the long-term observed wave data at a given place.The relation curve between reliability index and safety factor in the traditional design method,as well as the relationships between reliability index and partial coefficients,have been obtained.This paper proposes values of partial coefficients for the design expression of semicircular breakwaters in the cases of anti-sliding and anti-overturning.     

胸墙现浇质量保证措施浅析

探讨了码头胸墙施工的质量保证措施,并提出了胸墙表面缺陷的预防和补救措施．     

Wave Diffraction from A Vertical Cylinder with Two Uniform Columns and Porous Outer Wall

—Based on a linear model of the pressure difference between two sides of a porous wall and thefluid velocity inside it.an analytic solution is established for wave diffraction from a cylinder with an outerporous column and an inner solid column.Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the effects ofthe wave force on a porous low-column cylinder and the wave elevations outside and inside the cylinderdue to the porous character of the outer column and the ratio between the radii of the inner and outer col-umns.The numerical results show that the increase in the coefficient of porosity of the outer column of adouble column cylinder will reduce the wave elevation around the cylinder and the wave load on it.The ra-dius of the inner column does not affect too much the wave elevation around the cylinder and the totalforce on the cylinder.     

Some Problems in the Design of Breakwaters in Dayaowan Port Area

- In this paper, some problems in the design of the breakwater for Dayaowan port area are described including the optimal selection of the layout plan of the breakwater; the selection of structural type of the breakwater, the concrete block type for bank protection, the reversed L-shape parapet; the elevation of the parapet; the stability test of the whole revetment; as well as wave absorbing effects of the perforated     

Harmonic Analyses of Hydrodynamic Characteristics for Gap Resonance Between Fixed Box and Vertical Wall

China Ocean Engineering - Two marine structures arranged side by side with a narrow gap may suffer from violent free-surface resonance, which would cause green water on deck, dramatically raise...     

用垂向光学辐照度测量数据计算雾能见度的方法和验证

大气能见度是描述雾的重要物理参数。目前测量大气能见度是采用主动光源测量水平方向的可视距离,本文提出了用垂直方向测量的自然光光学数据计算能见度的方法,该方法通过测量两个不同高度上的谱辐照度,计算谱衰减系数,然后将自然光参数转换为标准光参数,按照大气能见度的定义计算能见度,形成了由垂向光学测量获取大气水平能见度的合乎规范的理论和实际可行的计算方法。在2016年5月5日,作者采用2台光学辐照度计(Trios)和1台能见度仪进行了9h的观测,获得了一个完整的雾生成和发展过程的观测数据,对本文提出的算法进行了检验。针对环境干扰因素可能导致虚报雾的情形,本项研究提出,先从光谱数据本身定性判断是否有雾,再通过本文提出的理论方法计算能见度。研究发现直射光和散射光在594和674nm的特异性,用归一化光谱之差作为判据,成为能见度是否小于2 000m的可靠判断方法。结果表明,光学观测的计算结果在能见度小于1 000m的均方根误差为173m,在能见度小于2 000m的均方根误差为471m。与通常使用的用550nm单一谱段衰减系数计算大气能见度的方法比较,精度有很大提高。尤其对于能见度小于2 000m的情形,与实测能见度有很高的一致性。用垂向光学辐照度观测结果计算能见度是可行的方法。