汶川大地震灾情综合地理信息遥感监测与信息服务系统

结合此次汶川大地震灾情综合地理信息监测与评估工作,着重探讨航空航天遥感技术在地震灾情监测与评估中的方法和技术路线.通过集成多平台和多传感器数据.根据不同区域受灾严重程度不同的情况,研究制定了地震灾区灾情综合地理信息监测指标;通过综合震前震后多源数据,制定了快速几何处理、快速数据质量综合分析、快速变化提取、快速目标判读和次生滑坡灾害空间危险性评估的技术流程,实现了汶川大地震震区灾情综合地理信息的解译、制图和统计评估.在此基础上,开发了汶川地震灾情综合地理信息服务系统,实现了灾情监测信息的综合管理、可视化查询和统计分析.并对当前工作中存在的问题进行了探讨.     

玉树地震灾情SAR遥感监测与信息服务系统

在玉树地震中,中国首套自主知识产权的机载多波段多极化干涉SAR测图系统,发挥全天时主动遥感的优势,成功服务于抗震救灾中。依据玉树地震灾情综合地理信息监测与评估工作,着重探讨SAR遥感影像用于地震灾情监测与评估中的处理方法和技术路线,研究制定了地震灾区灾情综合地理信息监测指标,通过快速几何处理、快速变化信息提取、快速目标判读和灾害空间危险性评估,实现了玉树地震震区灾情综合地理信息的解译、制图和统计评估。在此基础上,开发了玉树地震灾情综合地理信息服务系统,实现了灾情监测信息的综合管理、可视化查询和统计分析。     

面向可持续发展目标的江苏土地利用模型构建与情景预测

针对联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)背景下的土地资源可持续利用问题,以江苏省为研究区域,综合考虑经济、社会、环境等各个方面,选取合适的SDGs指标变量,梳理变量间的因果关系,构建面向SDGs的土地利用系统动力学模型,并设置基准情景、经济发展情景、环境保护情景和社会进步情景4种不同情景,探索面向SDGs的多情景下江苏省土地利用数量变化。结果表明:不同情景下江苏省各个地类面积呈现出平稳变化的特征。环境保护情景下,城市用地增加量在4种情景中最小,环境保护一定程度上抑制了经济发展和城镇化进程,耕地资源得到保护。经济发展和社会进步情景下,城市用地增长较快,城镇化进程加速,经济社会迅速发展。本文可为SDGs背景下土地可持续利用提供参考。     

长三角地区可持续发展目标度量与分析

联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)是对千年发展目标的延伸,旨在兼顾经济发展、社会进步和环境保护的基础上实现可持续发展。以长三角地区为案例区,结合SDGs具体指标,从经济、社会、资源和环境4个方面构建地区可持续发展指标体系,选取1999—2018年指标数据,运用熵值法计算指标权值,综合评价长三角地区可持续发展程度。结果表明:长三角区域内各省可持续发展能力较强,江苏、安徽、浙江三省呈波动上升趋势;长三角地区可持续发展能力呈"中东部高,西北部低"的空间格局特征。可为长三角可持续发展提供参考,促进长三角地区可持续发展。     

自然资源大数据助力的城市可持续发展评估

针对传统统计面板数据、网络众源数据等在城市可持续发展评价与信息化建设过程中存在的类型单一、准确性及时空分辨率不一、更新效率低等问题,该文充分发挥自然资源监管大数据覆盖要素广、时空多维度、常态化更新等优势,重构了一套城市可持续发展指标评价体系,综合计算城市可持续发展进程。以指标评估模型方法为基础进一步优化设计了城市可持续发展评估信息化建设方案,通过全面整合自然资源监测、社会经济等数据,构建可持续发展大数据中心,实现了以自然资源大数据为主的多源异构数据统一管理,同时以此为基础开展了城市可持续发展时空大数据平台建设实践。平台在精准评估诊断城市可持续发展状态的同时,为政府可持续发展决策与目标达成提供了一种新的手段,也为自然资源大数据利用开发了一种新的场景。     

面向地理国情监测的地表覆盖信息提取方法

开展地理国情监测工作的目的是为了获取自然与人类社会经济活动引起的地表变化信息,实现地理国情信息对政府、企业和公众的服务。地表覆盖是描述地理国情信息的重要方法,能够真实反映土地表面物质类型及其自然属性,地理国情内容体系初步方案中,已将其列为重要内容之一。本文针对地理国情关注的地表覆盖内容,研究与分析了信息提取方法与关键技术,评估了计算机自动分类方法在信息提取中的适用性,综合分析了各种提取方法的最大利用效能,提出一种基于高分辨率遥感影像、适用于工程化应用的地表覆盖信息提取方案,为地理国情监测提供方法参考。     

京津冀协同发展重要地理国情监测研究与应用

文章阐述了开展京津冀协同发展重要地理国情监测的现实背景和意义,依托地理国情普查和常态化监测,结合京津冀一体化发展需求,提出了京津冀协同发展重要地理国情监测的总体思路、研究内容、关键技术和研究方法等,并开展了京津冀地区自然生态空间变化监测、高等级公路和铁路交通网络变化监测、重点大气颗粒物污染源空间分布监测等重要地理国情信息监测研究,成果已经在京津冀地区可持续发展评价、京津冀生态文明建设、空间规划管理等工作中得到了广泛应用。     

3S技术在土地持续利用评价指标空间化中的应用

土地资源评价是土地利用规划和管理的主要依据,监测土地资源利用状况的重要手段。3S技术为评价指标空间化表达提供了精确的定位、定量、叠加分析、统计分析的参数和方法,提高了评价结果的精度。介绍了利用3S技术对统计指标和地理空间指标空间化的过程和方法;论述了土地持续利用评价指标空间化存在的问题,对河北坝上地区2008年土地资源持续利用评价结果进行了空间化。空间化结果在空间上连续分布,基本符合当地的土地资源利用分布状况。     

地理国情监测可靠性分析

可靠性是地理国情监测最重要的理论问题之一。本文依据空间数据可靠性基础理论,研究地理国情监测可靠性。回顾与分析了可靠性理论,定义了地理国情监测数据可靠性的范畴;提出了地理国情监测可靠性研究框架以及相应的可靠性评估内容、指标以及流程;介绍了理论成果应用于第一次全国地理国情普查数据成果总体可靠性评估;最后展望了地理空间数据可靠性的未来发展方向。     

水土流失地理国情监测关键技术研究

开展水土流失遥感监测,对水土流失情况及其防治效果进行动态监测和评估,是预防监督和治理工作的基础和前提,对保护生态环境具有重要意义。本文在地理国情监测框架下,利用多源多时相多分辨率异构数据,综合利用各类地理国情监测技术方法,研究形成了一套准工程化的水土流失分布提取及统计分析方法,并成功应用于某县级研究区;同时将高分辨率彩色航片、各类基础测绘等数据应用于水土流失变化驱动力分析,取得了显著成效。随着未来地理国情监测常态化工作的开展,地表覆盖、高精度地形地貌数据等地理国情监测成果也将为水土流失监测提供更直接、更丰富的数据支撑,进一步提高监测效率和精度。     

A goal-based approach to the identification of essential transformation variables in support of the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development

ABSTRACT

The United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. Earth observation are needed that can support the development and validation of transformation policies to make progress towards the SDGs. A participatory and inclusive goal-based approach (GBA) is introduced that links societal goals, targets and indicators to Essential Transformation Variables (ETVs) of the human and non-human environment. The GBA is complementary to the widely used expert-based approach. The GBA is applied to the SDGs at the goal, target and indicator levels. The high-level conceptual model used for the SDGs is humanity embedded in the Earth's life-support system (ELSS). At the goal level, very few of the SDGs are directly focusing on the ELSS and its physiology. Most of the SDG Targets focus on transformations in society and the built environment. Having targets that explicitly focus on the physiology of the ELSS would be important for sustainability. Most of the current indicator measure the built environment and the embedded social fabric. Sustainable development requires a functioning ELSS, and to ensure this, complementary indicators that bring environmental aspects to the monitoring of SDG targets are needed.     

统计地理空间框架建设的国际经验及对中国的启示

为了更好地整合统计地理空间信息,联合国成立了统计和地理信息整合专家组,目标是推进全球统计地理空间框架的实施.全球统计地理空间框架为各国提供了通用的标准和方法,以促进统计和地理空间信息的整合,并提高了结合空间信息的统计数据的可用性,让统计更好地服务于决策.本文介绍了构成统计地理空间框架五项原则的具体内容和相关国际经验,并分析了国内实施框架的基础条件、有利因素和困难.建议国家统计局在今后的普查和统计调查中,参照全球统计地理空间框架原则,加强统计和地理信息的整合,并提出了具体措施.     

Geospatial preparedness: Empirical study of the joint effort to provide geospatial support to disaster response

In a disaster aftermath in places lacking geospatial preparedness, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs creates a framework for cooperation with the Coordinated Data Scramble initiative, where Information Management Officers (IMOs) from different organizations work together in supporting the coordination of humanitarian aid. The perspective of these IMOs has been considered to identify the factors influencing the use of GIS in this context. The results show the requirement for a geodata management strategy, including geodata gathering, maintenance, and decision‐making processes based on those geodata. Geodata should be reliable and up‐to‐date. It requires consistent and useful metadata and the possibility of contacting the geodata source. Security and political issues limit information sharing. In this context, OpenStreetMap is often used as a source of information. Therefore, improving OpenStreetMap improves geospatial preparedness. Nevertheless, the use of this open platform highlights issues related to information privacy.     

A workflow for Sustainable Development Goals indicators assessment based on high-resolution satellite data

ABSTRACT

For evaluating the progresses towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a global indicator framework was developed by the UN Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goals Indicators. In this paper, we propose an improved methodology and a set of workflows for calculating SDGs indicators. The main improvements consist of using moderate and high spatial resolution satellite data and state-of-the-art deep learning methodology for land cover classification and for assessing land productivity. Within the European Network for Observing our Changing Planet (ERA-PLANET), three SDGs indicators are calculated. In this research, harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data are analyzed and used for land productivity analysis and yield assessment, as well as Landsat 8, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 time series are utilized for crop mapping. We calculate for the whole territory of Ukraine SDG indicators: 15.1.1 – ‘Forest area as proportion of total land area’; 15.3.1 – ‘Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area’; and 2.4.1 – ‘Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture’. Workflows for calculating these indicators were implemented in a Virtual Laboratory Platform. We conclude that newly available high-resolution remote sensing products can significantly improve our capacity to assess several SDGs indicators through dedicated workflows.     

A digital earth platform for sustainability

ABSTRACT

Based on the experience of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), this paper describes some challenges foreseen in order to develop a Digital Earth platform that can support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The use of ready-to-use derived geospatial information is essential. Future Earth’s methodology of ‘co-design’ aims to bring together natural, social scientists and decision makers to plan and carry out research for sustainability. Sustainability implies transdisciplinary research, but in order for scientists of different disciplines to work together, they will need to be able to share, access and use common data. This is by far not simple! While the good will to share data might exist, the associated technological, ethical and privacy issues are difficult to solve. An adequate e-infrastructure will be required. ISDE could consider to use the SDGs is the basis to develop the desired Digital Earth platform. This paper, by no means, covers everything for a Digital Earth platform, it aims to trigger research discussions and to have a good view about a starting point.     

大地测量坐标框架建立的进展与思考

坐标框架是描述地球形状及变化、表达地球空间信息的基础,也是拓展人类活动、促进社会发展的关键地球空间信息基础设施。随着空间大地测量观测技术的发展,地球科学及相关学科间的交叉渗透融合,利用其建立全球或区域坐标框架成为当前大地测量的主要任务。研究建立1毫米级坐标框架是国际大地测量学界21世纪的学科目标和重要挑战。本文以当前建立理论最完善、应用最广泛、精度最高的国际地球参考框架为例,描述了基于空间大地测量观测技术的坐标框架建立方法,阐述了全球及区域地心坐标框架建设的最新进展及局限性,最后针对建立1毫米级坐标框架的几个关键问题提出了研究思路。     

互联网泛在地理信息感知融合技术综述

互联网数据中蕴含丰富的地理信息,其无处不在、形式与结构多样的特征决定了感知和融合面临许多技术难题。本文在分析互联网泛在地理信息分类和特征的基础上,系统研究其感知和融合技术的总体现状,总结了服务快速准确发现、深层网络数据高覆盖度采集、非结构化文本中位置信息提取和关联图像空间语义提取等感知技术发展现状,分析了异源几何数据匹配关联、地址标准化处理、同名实体语义对齐、地理实体关系构建等融合处理关键技术;在此基础上,总结和展望了互联网泛在地理信息感知融合技术在开放地理数据网络、城市治理与应急管理、网络监测与地理空间情报等领域的应用前景。     

GeoScope: Full 3D geospatial information system case study

Aiming at the integrative management and comprehensive applications of large-scale 3D geospatial information covering the full 3D space of a city,this paper briefly introduces the design and implementation of a full 3D GIS platform:GeoScope,which provides a professional solution for the massive full three-dimensional geospatial data integration,management,analysis,visualization,and applications.GeoScope is characterized by:(1) extendible software architecture based on the hierarchical message bus,facilitates multimodal integrative applications of 2D GIS and 3D GIS;(2) unified 3D city models,support multiscale semantic representation of outdoor & indoor and aboveground & underground 3D objects;(3) high-efficient 3D geospatial database engine,supports integrated management of massive 3D geospatial data for real-time applications;and (4) high-performance visualization engine exploiting the massively parallel computation architecture of modern GPUs,supports real-time realistic rendering of large-scale complicated 3D geospatial environments.The successful pilot application of GeoScope is also illustrated with the 3D city models of 8494 km2 of the whole Wuhan City,the largest city in middle China.     

Gottfried Konecny:the influence in the global development of the three geosciences

PREFACE The paper contains a brief overview of the professional activities of Professor Gottfried Konecny,Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation,Leibniz University Hannover,Germany,and his influence on photogrammetry,remote sensing and geospatial infor-mation science during his time at the University of New Brunswick,Canada,and at the Leibniz University.His work can be divided into educational,scientific,application,organizational,and work in international societies.Additional activities comprised of giving courses in various languages,consultancy activities,and various other cooperations which took place in many South American countries,in Africa and Asia,for organizations such as the World Bank,United Nations,German Space Agency DLR,to name only a few.Activities in connection with international societies mainly took place during Prof.Konecny's engagement in the Council of the International Society for Photogrammetry(ISP),renamed the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),and the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories(EARSeL)Bureau.He was a key figure in bringing many countries and organizations to ISPRS as Ordinary and Sustaining Members.Professor Konecny has always been aware of the importance of international cooperation at various levels,also with sister societies such as the International Cartographic Association and the United Nations-Global Geospatial Information Management(UN-GGIM).His application activities span from the photogrammetry-oriented projects he was awarded in Canada,to remote sensing topics and geospatial sciences,combined with cartography during his Hannover period.His vision and endless effort are exemplary for a person who has always been devoted to the three geosciences mentioned above.Professor Konecny is the author of a number of books,journal papers and papers presented at international and national conferences.He has been a recognized keynote speaker at many conferences throughout the world due to his vast experience.This paper describes 75 years of a man who is an expert in fields which arose during his academic life.     

从测绘学到地球空间信息智能服务科学

回顾了从传统测绘学到当今地球空间信息智能服务科学的60年发展历程;总结了测绘学从模拟到解析再到数字化发展的3个重要阶段;介绍了GNSS、RS与GIS(3S)集成,从而形成了地球空间信息学的兴起;分析了数字地球时代地球空间信息学的发展,进而论述了当今智慧地球时代地球空间信息科学走向实时智能服务的最新进展,并对"互联网+"空间信息智能服务的3个发展水平进行了重点论述。可以肯定,在大数据时代传统的测绘学必将集通信、导航、遥感、人工智能、虚拟现实和脑认知科学之大成,发展成为地球空间信息智能服务科学,为富国强军与利民作出应有的贡献。