Pennsylvanian glacimarine sedimentation in the Cushamen Formation,western North Patagonian Massif

The metasedimentary sequence of the Cushamen Formation in the western North Patagonian Massif is540 m thick and comprises six sedimentary lithofacies associations related to a glacimarine environment.Four of these lithofacies represent distal glacimarine environments, whereas another one was deposited in proximal glacimarine environments, and the last includes subglacial environments. The organization and configuration of these lithofacies associations represent the advance and retreat of the glacier masses. The maximum glacial advance is correlatable with the G2 glacial interval of the Pennsylvanian Pampa de Tepuel, Las Salinas and Valley Chico, formations of the Extraandean Chubut, and the southern part of Neuquen Cordillera. Contemporaneously, in southern Chile there are marine and glacimarine sediments. The chronostratigraphic relationships between the Silurian to Permian units allow five paleogeographic stages to be distinguished. The middle Silurian-late Devonian igneous rocks represent the first magmatic stage. The second stage, which is transitional to the first, is represented by a marine basin that includes the late Devonian-early Carboniferous Esquel and Rio Pescado formations and the Llanquihue Complex. The third stage(early-late Carboniferous) includes granitoids of the second magmatic event that partially overlapped the first magmatic igneous belt. The fourth stage belongs to the late Carboniferous sedimentation of the Cushamen and equivalent formations. The extended early Permian magmatism was the last Paleozoic event in the studied area.     

西藏措勤盆地下二叠统昂杰组沉积相分析

沉积相研究是进行含油气盆地勘探、评价的一项重要的基础工作。笔者根据在西藏尼玛县军仓乡拉加当实测剖面中所获得的资料,分析了下二叠统昂杰组的岩性特性、沉积相类型、剖面的垂向沉积演化和区域沉积特征。该组主要为一套砂岩-泥岩的暗色碎屑岩系,属冈瓦纳石炭纪一二叠纪冰川末期的边缘海沉积。其沉积类型既有冈瓦纳大陆稳定沉积的特点,又有滨岸条件下的低能沉积特征,主要为一套潮坪沉积组合,其沉积环境与短周期小规模近岸冰川活动有关。     

西藏改则盆地渐新统—中新统康托组沉积相特征

改则盆地地处青藏高原羌塘地层区,研究程度较低。通过对西藏改则盆地新近系康托组沉积特征和沉积岩相的详细研究,共划分出3类沉积相:扇三角洲相、湖泊三角洲相和湖泊相,整体表现为自下向上沉积物粒度由粗到细、水深逐渐增大的退积序列。综合区域地质特征及古流向分析认为,改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化可大致分为2个阶段:盆地初始裂陷阶段和盆地稳定沉积阶段。康托组剖面沉积相的研究有助于了解改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化。     

柴达木盆地平台地区路乐河组沉积微相研究

根据钻井岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、测录井资料及分析化验资料,对柴达木盆地北缘西段平台地区古近系路乐河组地层岩心的沉积构造、粒度特征、沉积序列等进行详细研究,分析平台地区古近系路乐河组的沉积相类型及演化过程。研究表明,平台地区路乐河组主要受近源沉积控制,沉积了一套以砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和泥岩为主的粗粒碎屑岩,发育槽状交错层理和板状交错层理,成分成熟度和结构成熟度较差。粒度概率累积曲线显示碎屑颗粒沉积物主要由悬浮组分和跳跃组分组成,表明水动力条件较强,以河流相沉积为主。沉积微相类型以河床亚相的河床滞留和心滩沉积为主,其次为河漫亚相的河漫滩沉积和泛滥平原沉积。沉积相的研究清楚展示出平台地区古近纪早期路乐河组的沉积特征和演化规律,为该地区下一步油气勘探工作提供可靠的地质依据。     

珠江口盆地东部珠江组层序岩相古地理特征

在层序地层学和沉积学理论指导下,以油气勘探为目标,根据岩芯观察、岩石薄片鉴定分析、测井资料、地震资料,确定珠江口盆地(东部)珠江组主要发育:(1)碎屑岩沉积体系-三角洲、滨岸和浅海相;(2)碳酸盐岩沉积体系-开阔台地、台地边缘及台地前缘斜坡相。通过暴露标志、岩性岩相组合、生物组合及测井为主的层序界面识别,将珠江组划分为4个三级层序。在此基础上,对珠江口盆地(东部)珠江组取三级层序体系域或三级层序为成图单元,进行层序岩相古地理编图,详细探讨了珠江口盆地(东部)珠江组古地理特征及演化。结合各相带储集物性特征,认为珠江组SQ1-HST、SQ2-HST及SQ3晚期形成的台缘、台内礁滩沉积是寻找有利储集层的重要储集相带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部二叠系山西组及下石盒子组盒8段沉积相

鄂尔多斯盆地南部指环县-延安-蒲县以南、西安以北地区，其山西组和下石盒子组盒8段是重要含气层。通过古水流方向、超稳定重矿物含量和长石含量分析以及古水系恢复，认为山西期和下石盒子期的鄂尔多斯盆地南部发育6个古水系，对应于6个长石含量分区和6个沉积相区。分别为石板沟-环县分区，平凉分区，淳化-耀县分区，韩城-澄城分区，大宁-Pu1井分区和华池-永宁分区。在此基础上重点分析了沉积相分布规律，认为山2期发育小型三角洲沉积，主要分布在西南部平凉、南部淳化-耀县和韩城-澄城一带； 山1期三角洲沉积分布范围比山2期明显扩大，北部延安-大宁发育三角洲前缘，湖泊相分布范围缩小。盒8期主要发育辫状河三角洲相，分布范围十分广泛，湖泊仅分布在镇原-环县-华池-正宁一带和大宁-Ji1井一线。实践证明有效地区分不同的古水系，有利于沉积相带展布规律的预测。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部苏里格庙含油气区二叠系山西组及下石盒子组盒八段岩相古地理

以测井资料和岩心观察为基础，对鄂尔多斯盆地北部苏里格庙含油气区的二叠系山西组及下石盒子组盒八段识别出了辫状河、曲流河、三角洲和湖泊等4种沉积相类型。利用层序地层学原理，将山西组和下石盒子组盒八段划分5个三级沉积层序，建立了苏里格庙含油气区层序地层格架。编制了以体系域为单位的山西组和下石盒子组盒八段沉积期岩相古地理图，探讨了层序地层格架内的山西组和下石盒子组盒八段沉积期岩相古地理特征及演化规律。山西期古地理格局呈南北向相分异的曲流河-三角洲沉积；盒八段沉积期冲积体系大范围向研究区南部迁移，形成了以辫状河沉积为主的河流-三角洲沉积。河道砂体是苏里格庙含油气区有利的砂质储集体类型，主要发育在低位体系域。实践表明，以体系域为单位编制的岩相古地理图，可以清楚地展示不同沉积时期的沉积微相展布与迁移变化，是有利储层预测的一种有效方法。     

Subaqueous mass flow origin for Lower Permian diamictites and associated facies of the Grant Group, Barbwire Terrace, Canning Basin, Western Australia

The intracratonic Canning Basin is Western Australia's largest sedimentary basin (>400 000 km²) and has experienced repeated episodes of Phanerozoic extension and subsidence, resulting in deposition of a number of first-order 'megasequences'. A major phase of basin extension and sedimentation (Grant Group) occurred in the Late Carboniferous/Early Permian when Australia lay at high palaeolatitudes. Facies analysis of 5000 m of drill core from 25 continuously cored wells in Grant Group strata on the fault-bounded Barbwire Terrace in the northern Canning Basin identified three facies associations (FAs). These record the predominance of fault-generated, subaqueous mass flow and sediment reworking. The lowest association (FA I; up to 355 m thick) rests unconformably on tilted older strata and consists of coarse-grained, subaqueously deposited, sediment gravity flow facies. These include fault-generated breccias, massive and graded sandstones and conglomerates deposited by turbidity currents and diamictites generated by mixing of different textural populations during downslope remobilization. FA I is overlain abruptly by relatively fine-grained deposits of FA II (up to 140 m thick), which consist of laminated to thin-bedded mudstone and sandstone turbidites, recording an abrupt increase in relative water depths. In turn, these facies coarsen upwards and are transitional into shallow-water, swaley cross-stratified and rippled sandstones of FA III (up to 125 m thick). The overall stratigraphic succession probably records an initial phase of faulting and accommodation of coarse sediment (FA I), a subsequent phase of rapid subsidence, increasing water depths and 'sediment underfilling' (FA II) and, finally, a regressive phase of shoreface progradation. The occurrence of rare striated clasts in FA I suggests reworking of glacial sediment, but no direct glacial influence on sedimentation can be identified.     

珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷珠江组沉积相带与储层特征

陆丰凹陷珠江组发育的多套砂岩储层是珠江口盆地东部重要的产油层,但对这些储层沉积特征的研究程度不足制约了下一步的勘探部署。在岩心观察的基础上,结合测井资料、岩石学特征、矿物成分、沉积构造等对珠江组砂体储层沉积相类型和物性特征进行了分析。结果表明,研究区主要发育辫状河三角洲和滨岸两大沉积体系,并可进一步细分为分流河道、河口坝、远沙坝等10种沉积微相。不同的沉积相带控制不同砂体储集物性,按储层物性好坏,划分出3类沉积相带砂体储层。滩砂、滩砂水道、沿岸坝等砂体储层物性最好,上临滨、分流河道、河口沙坝次之,下临滨砂体最差。综合研究认为,寻找优质油气储层,应优先考虑最有利的形成优质储层的沉积相带。     

松辽盆地北部徐家围子地区登娄库组下部沉积相分析

松辽盆地北部徐家围子地区登娄库组下部沉积时期,盆地处于断陷向坳陷转化的过渡期。本文综合分析岩芯、粒度分析和测井特征等,探讨了徐家围子地区登娄库组下部沉积相类型和储层砂体的分布规律。结果表明,本区目的层段主要发育辫状河相、辫状三角洲相和湖相3种沉积相、6种沉积亚相,以及13种沉积微相;在平面上,以湖泊为中心,辫状河、辫状三角洲环绕四周的格局。辫状河道及辫状三角洲的厚层砂砾岩为有利储集体,湖相暗色泥岩可作为源岩和盖层,二者可以构成较好的油气生储盖组合。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘检188井区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积特征及主控因素分析

通过对准噶尔盆地西北缘野外露头剖面和检188井区160多口井的岩石学特征、颜色、结构、沉积构造和古生物沉积相标志的研究,结合测井曲线响应特征,认为该区下侏罗统八道湾组属于湿润型辫状河沉积,发育河道和洪泛平原两个亚相。河道亚相又分为主水道、支水道和心滩3个微相,洪泛平原分为河漫滩、河漫沼泽和溢岸3个微相。测井曲线主要有箱形、钟形、漏斗形、指形和微齿形5种类型。在微相分析基础上编制了八道湾组12个小层的沉积微相平面图,建立了沉积相模式,指出河道呈东南向展布,认为由前陆湖盆边界区的造山运动导致的沉积区基准面变化和潮湿温暖的气候是影响研究区湿润型辫状河形成的主要控制因素。     

Marra Mamba Iron Formation stratigraphy in the eastern Chichester Range,Western Australia

The Marra Mamba Iron Formation is the basal member of the Hamersley Group in Western Australia and is host to major iron‐ore deposits in its upper Mt Newman Member. Previous studies have suggested that the Marra Mamba Iron Formation in the eastern Chichester Range was deposited in an isolated basin behind a barrier reef and was greatly reduced in thickness. New drilling covering a large part of the Chichester Range shows that only the lower part of the Nammuldi Member, the lowest unit of the Marra Mamba Iron Formation, remains over most of the range. However, 15 m of the Mt Newman Member, the complete MacLeod Member and the upper part of the Nammuldi Member were drilled in small north‐south synclines preserved near Mulga Downs homestead. This drilling shows that the Marra Mamba Iron Formation is similar in all respects to other occurrences in the Hamersley Province. There is no evidence of facies change or reduced thickness and therefore no evidence for a northern limit to the deposition of the Hamersley Group. Apart from the small synclines near Mulga Downs homestead, the Fortescue River alluvial deposits abutting the Chichester Range are underlain by the Roy Hill Shale Member of the Jeerinah Formation.     

鄂尔多斯盆地LFP区块长2段沉积相研究

储层的沉积相研究通常是油气藏勘探开发过程中一项十分重要的任务,它控制着储集砂体的成因类型及宏观分布。在岩芯观察的基础上,结合综合录井资料和野外露头剖面信息,运用沉积学、沉积构造、剖面结构、古生物及测井相等划分沉积相的标志,对研究区内钻井进行单井沉积相划分,对不同钻井之间的沉积相进行综合比对,结果认为LEP区块长2段主要从三角洲前缘高建设的水下分流河道骨架砂体沉积为主。     

苏北盆地东部凹陷上白垩统泰州组沉积相*

苏北盆地是在晚白垩世发育起来的箕状断陷盆地。上白垩统泰州组（K₂t）为东部凹陷发育初期形成的一套碎屑岩沉积地层,自下而上总体构成由粗到细的沉积旋回。通过对区内52口探井的录井、测井和岩心资料综合分析,认为泰州组主要发育辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲及湖泊相3种沉积相类型,在此基础上又进一步识别出7种亚相和12种微相。泰州组分为两段,泰州组一段沉积早、中期为辫状河三角洲沉积,晚期转变为(曲流河)三角洲沉积;泰州组二段早期为深湖—半深湖沉积,中晚期为浅湖亚相。伴随湖平面的反复升降,表现出明显的多旋回性。研究区泰州组一段表现为典型的退积型三角洲沉积。通过进一步研究泰州组一段各沉积时期沉积相的平面分布及演变特征,指出在梁垛—安丰—李堡一带沉积砂体发育,是油气储集层发育的有利地区。     

山西沁水盆地东北部太原组沉积序列及环境演化*

山西沁水盆地东北部上石炭统—下二叠统太原组含有丰富的煤与煤层气资源,在昔阳黑土岩村一带有良好的露头剖面。以黑土岩村剖面为主要研究对象,结合邻区部分钻孔资料,对石炭—二叠系太原组的岩石特征、沉积构造、化石组成及沉积序列类型进行了详细分析。取得如下成果: 在研究剖面中识别出有障壁和无障壁海岸以及三角洲3种沉积体系,5种沉积相、3种亚相和5种微相,并在太原组中部层段发现混积潮坪沉积;建立了9种沉积序列类型及其古环境分布模式,并基于沉积序列的垂向变化规律,提出了本区太原组的沉积环境模式,进而简要论述了太原组自下而上从障壁岛—潟湖—潮坪到浅海—潮坪,最后到三角洲的沉积环境演变过程。     

Sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation at Chaman-Bolbol, Zagros Basin, Iran

The Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation of the Zagros Basin is a thick sequence of shallow water carbonate. In the study area, it is subdivided into 14 microfacies that are distinguished on the basis of their depositional textures, petrographic analysis and fauna. Based on the paleoecology and lithology, four distinct depositional settings can be recognized: tidal flat, lagoon, barrier, and open marine. The Asmari Formation represents sedimentation on a carbonate ramp. In the inner ramp, the most abundant lithofacies are medium grained wackestone–packstone with imperforated foraminifera. The middle ramp is represented by packstone–grainstone to floatstone with a diverse assemblage of larger foraminifera with perforate wall, red algae, bryozoa, and echinoids. The outer ramp is dominated by argillaceous wackestone characterized by planktonic foraminifera and large and flat nummulitidae and lepidocyclinidae. Three third-order depositional sequences are recognized from deepening and shallowing trends in the depositional facies, changes in cycle stacking patterns, and sequence boundary features.     

辽宁北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积相

本文系统地论述了北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积时期的演化,将盆地演化划分为继承性初始坳陷、火山洼地、湖盆沉降与扩展三个阶段,其后由于火山作用而使盆地封闭。与盆地演化相对应,建立了盆内义县组的沉积相序,自下而上依次为冲积扇与河流相、火山沉积相、河流相、湖相(滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相,半深湖亚相,浅湖亚相,滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相)、火山溢流相,并指出火山喷发间歇期湖盆的湖水进退规律、水体性质以及沉积环境特征。     

柴北缘西段新近系上干柴沟组沉积相特征分析

根据野外露头、岩心观察及录井、测井资料,研究了柴北缘西段新近系上干柴沟组沉积相类型和沉积特征。结果表明:上干柴沟组发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河、辫状河三角洲、湖泊及颗粒流等六种沉积相类型,其中在鄂博梁-冷湖-潜西发育了一套扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,在马海-南八仙地区发育冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系。     

川西南犍为地区下三叠统嘉陵江组沉积相及其演化特征

以岩心精细描述、薄片鉴定和测井曲线分析为基础,通过对川西南犍为地区嘉陵江组的岩石类型组合、古生物化石、沉积结构、沉积构造和沉积序列等沉积相标志的详细研究,结合区域沉积背景,认为犍为地区嘉陵江组为半局限海-局限海台地沉积,进一步识别出混积潮坪、潮缘滩、半局限泻湖、局限泻湖和蒸发潮坪等5种沉积亚相类型;在此基础上,通过连井沉积相横剖面对比和重点层段沉积相平面分布特征的研究,揭示出嘉陵江组的沉积相演化规律由下至上从混积潮缘到潮下低能,再到潮上蒸发环境,构成一个完整的海进一海退发展旋回;其中的潮缘滩相颗粒岩和潮坪相云岩可成为有利的油气储集相带。