鄂尔多斯高原近40a气候变化研究

鄂尔多斯高原特殊的地理位置对全球气候变化更为敏感,利用1961-2000年地面气温和降水记录,通过计算气候趋势系数和气候倾向率描述鄂尔多斯高原气候空间变化特征。结果表明,40 a来本区气温有明显上升趋势,平均气温以0.43℃·(10a)^-1幅度升高。全年各月气温都在上升,但冬季升温最剧烈,达0.82℃·(10a)^-1,其中12月可达1℃·(10a)^-1,为全年之首。夏季最弱,仅0.31℃·(10a)^-1。本区增温幅度比较剧烈,大于内蒙古全区平均水平。冬、夏增温差异导致气温年较差减小。20世纪60年代年平均气温是下降的,从70年代开始上升,90年代上升最剧烈。冬季温度变化与年均温一致,但夏季不同,90年代以前夏季温度是降低的,到90年代夏季温度上升趋势十分明显。温度升高的程度存在区域差异,西北部最强,东南部最弱。降水的趋势变化不很明显,年降水量略有减少,秋季降水量减少比其他季节明显。降水变化也有区域差异,南部比北部降水量减少明显,毛乌素沙漠及以南降水倾向率为-18.3 mm·(10a)^-1,而北部接近于零。气候变暖会使蒸发量增大,从而导致干旱,气温持续增高再加上降水量减少则形成干旱化,对生态环境和地方经济会产生重大影响。     

新疆伊犁河流域气候变化(英文)

In this paper, the monthly precipitation and temperature data collected at 7 stations in the Ili River Basin from 1961 to 2007 were analyzed by means of simple regression analysis, running mean, db6 wavelet function and Mann-Kendall test. This study revealed the characteristics of climate change and abrupt change points of precipitation and temperature during different time scales in the Ili River Basin within the past 50 years. The results showed that the precipitation increased from the mid-1980s until 2000 and has continued to increase at a smaller magnitude since 2000. Over the studied period, the precipitation increased significantly during the summer and winter months. The temperature increased greatly in the late 1980s, and has continued to show an increasing trend from the year 2000 to present. The temperature increases were most significant during the summer, autumn and winter months. In terms of different geographies, the temperature increase was significant during the winter in the plains and hilly regions; the increase was also significant during autumn in the intermontane basins. The climate change trends in the Ili River Basin were consistent with the changing trends of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the plateau monsoon.     

Temporal and spatial changes of temperature and precipitation in Hexi Corridor during 1955–2011

This study is focused on the northwestern part of Gansu Province, namely the Hexi Corridor. The aim is to address the question of whether any trend in the annual and monthly series of temperature and precipitation during the period 1955-2011 appears at the scale of this region. The temperature and precipitation variation and abrupt change were examined by means of linear regression, five-year moving average, non-parameter Mann-Kendall test, accumulated variance analysis and Pettitt test method. Conclusions provide evidence of warming and wetting across the Hexi Corridor. The mean annual temperature in Hexi Corridor increased significantly in recent 57 years, and the increasing rate was 0.27℃/10a. The abrupt change phenomenon of the annual temperature was detected mainly in 1986. The seasonal average temperature in this region exhibited an evident upward trend and the uptrend rate for the standard value of winter temperature indicated the largerst of four seasons. The annual precipitation in the Hexi Corridor area displayed an obviously increasing trend and the uptrend rate was 3.95 mm/10a. However, the annual precipitation in each basin of the Hexi Corridor area did not passed the significance test. The rainy season precipitation fluctuating as same as the annual one presented insignificant uptrend. No consistent abrupt change was detected in precipitation in this study area, but the rainy season precipitation abrupt change was mainly observed in 1968.     

黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及敏感性分析

Response of the runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensibility are analyzed based on the measured data at the four hydrological stations and ten weather stations during the period 1959–2008. The result indicates that change of temperature in the region has an obvious corresponding relationship with global warming and the changes of annual average temperature in each subregion in the region have been presenting a fluctuant and rising state in the past 50 years. However the change of precipitation is more intricate than the change of temperature in the region because of the influences of the different geographical positions and environments in various areas, and the change of annual precipitation in the main runoff-producing area has been presenting a fluctuant and decreasing state in the past 50 years. And there is a remarkable nonlinear correlativity between runoff and precipitation and temperature in the region. The runoff in the region has been decreasing continuously since 1990 because the precipitation in the main runoff-producing area obviously decreases and the annual average temperature continuously rises. As a whole, the runoff in each subregion of the headwater region of the Yellow River is quite sensitive to precipitation change, while the runoff in the subregion above Jimai is more sensitive to temperature change than that in the others in the region, correspondingly.