火山岩储层质量预测方法探讨——以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷为例

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层火山岩储层具有埋藏深、 温度高、 压力大、 物性差、 非均质性强的特征。为了预测火山岩储层类型和质量在平面上的变化规律,本文讨论了影响火山岩储层物性的主要地质因素。结果表明,火山岩的物性主要受火山岩相（组）和所处对应碎屑岩成岩阶段的影响。距火山口越远的火山岩相组的火山岩储层,其孔隙度和渗透率越低。火山岩工业气层主要分布在晚成岩阶段A期以前的火山岩储层中。在晚成岩阶段B期,只有少量低产气层。本文充分考虑徐家围子断陷火山岩相和成岩作用对火山岩储层物性的影响与控制,应用成岩模拟软件,预测了成岩阶段的横向展布,通过叠合营三段火山岩相图和成岩阶段预测图,预测了火山岩储层的类型和质量,目前已发现工业气流的井主要分布在断陷中部的Ⅱ、 Ⅲ类火山岩储层中。     

新疆火山岩分区及其地质意义

新疆火山活动强烈 ,火山岩类型多 ,出露广泛。依据火山岩特征和时空分布规律 ,新疆火山岩分布区域可以划分两个较大级别的火山岩分区单元 :第一级为火山岩区 ,第二级为火山岩带。全区共划分出 6个火山岩区和 30个火山岩带。火山岩分区的划分对火山岩、地质构造和矿产的研究具有重要的意义和实用价值     

基于岩浆汇聚区和上升通道特征的火山岩分布规律——以松辽盆地长岭断陷下白垩统营城组为例

关于断陷尺度火山岩充填规律的全面认识,需要从深部岩浆汇聚区开始,到输导体系,再到其喷发分散,进行统一分析;但在研究过程中往往还是以单项分析为主,导致火山岩分布规律的认识不够全面。为了深入分析断陷盆地火山岩分布的规律,利用钻井、地震资料和已有的深部结构研究成果,开展松辽盆地长岭断陷下白垩统营城组火山岩岩浆汇聚区和上升通道对火山岩分布特征的控制作用分析。取得如下认识:营城组火山岩在平面上呈现东西分带和南北分块的特征,在中央洼陷带集中分布;水平断距是火山岩是否发育的敏感参数,垂直断距对火山岩厚度影响更显著;断裂仅是火山岩发育的必要条件,非充分条件;火山岩分布还受软流圈上拱和地壳伸展减薄区域的约束;断陷盆地火山岩充填往往与沉降中心对应,当火山岩体积较小时烃源岩可以与火山岩组成好的生储组合,而当火山岩体积过大时会显著减少细粒沉积岩的沉积空间,不利于烃源岩在空间上延伸。     

火山岩储层储集空间及影响因素研究

火山岩储层已成为油气勘探的一个新领域。由于火山岩储层的复杂性和特殊性,对其的研究还比较薄弱。在总结国内外火山岩储层研究成果的基础上,通过对准噶尔盆地与松辽等盆地的火山岩储层的分析,本文认为火山岩储层的储集空间主要有孔洞和裂缝,而裂缝连通了孤立的孔洞。当孔、洞、缝相互交织在一起时,才可形成有效的火山岩储集空间。在火山岩储层储集空间的演化过程中,由于受自身因素和外部条件的影响,火山岩储层的内部结构比较复杂。岩性岩相、成岩作用、风化淋滤作用、构造作用等在对火山岩储集空间的改造中起着关键作用。     

甘肃北山某地区晚古生代火山岩建造与铀成矿作用

北山地区晚古生代火山岩建造比较发育,是热液型和火山岩型矿床成矿的有利地段。本文从火山岩的分布、岩石组合、火山岩相、火山岩喷发方式及韵律、岩石化学成分及微量元素等方面,详细论述了该地区中、晚泥盆世火山岩建造的特征及其与铀成矿作用的关系,分析了火山机制控矿作用,总结了晚古生代火山岩建造中铀的成矿条件和规律,为今后在该地区寻找热液型和火山岩型铀矿床具有一定的指导意义。     

松辽盆地火山岩地震反射特征及其分布规律

深层火山岩的研究是当前地球物理和地球化学研究的主要课题之一,因为在深层火山岩中已发现储量可观的油气藏。从地震和地质两方面对火山岩的特征和分布规律进行了研究,一方面通过火山岩相地震反射特征对火山岩的分布范围和厚度预测等进行了细致的解释;另一方面从钻井揭示的地质因素出发,对火山岩的分布规律进行了研究。这对松辽盆地深层火山岩储层的研究具有十分重要的意义。     

松辽盆地东南缘中生代火山岩及其盆地形成的构…

松辽盆地是我国著名的中生代盆地，在盆地的深部及其周边存在着大量火山岩，在空间上和时间上火山岩和盆地之间着密切的关系，该区火山岩主要形成于晚侏罗世和早白垩世，火山岩具有高钾的特征，为钙碱性火山岩系列和钾玄岩系列，其岩石类型主要有：钾玄岩，响岩质碱玄岩，橄榄粗安岩，安粗岩，粗面岩，流纹岩，火山岩的ＲＥＥ和不相容元素分布特点与造山带火山岩不相容元素的特点相似，在构造判别图解上，本区火山岩落在与俯冲作用有     

新疆东准噶尔北部地区中泥盆世双峰式火山岩组合

新疆北部额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河之间的东准噶尔北部地区的中泥盆世火山岩,可以分成基性火山岩和酸性火山岩两类。中性火山岩的缺乏使之不能成为钙碱性火山岩系列,并明显表现出火山岩成分间断,说明这是一个典型的双峰式火山岩组合。双峰式火山岩组合的形成和大陆裂谷作用或大陆拉伸作用有密切关系。在地壳减薄较强烈的地方,地幔部分熔融产生的岩浆直接上升到地表喷发,形成基性火山岩,但岩浆在上升过程中经历了橄榄石和(或)部分辉石的分离作用;在地壳减薄较小的地方,上升的幔源岩浆在下地壳中聚集,导致下地壳部分熔融,所产生的岩浆在地表喷发,形成酸性火山岩。     

中国东部中生代安山岩的定量化研究

我国东部广泛发育着中生代火山岩,除台湾省为海相火山岩外,其余绝大部分为陆相火山岩,这是一套基、中、酸性陆相火山岩,次火山岩杂岩体,可概括称为安山岩建造,是环太平洋安山质火山岩带的一部分。 对我国东部火山岩和含矿火山岩盆地,前人已进行过很多研究,这些工作提供了大量基本地质资料和重要成果。本文在前人工作的基础上,从数学地质角度,应用数学方法和电子计算机研究了中国东部安山岩问题,并得到了初步结果。     

火山岩油气藏的储层描述与建模

火山岩储层建模研究是储层建模领域的一个难题。近年来,国内外都发现了大量火山岩岩性储层的油气藏。为探索火山岩储层物性的空间分布特征,火山岩储层建模的研究显得尤为紧迫。通过查阅大量火山岩储层及其建模方面的材料文献,在了解前人关于火山岩储层描述经验的基础上,认为序贯指示模拟(SISM)算法和基于相分析的神经网络方法是火山岩油气藏建模中最适用的方法。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861