Thermotomographic model and oil-and-gas forecasting for the sedimentary cover of the Laptev Sea shelf

2D and 3D geotemperature models of the sedimentary cover within the Laptev Sea shelf have been calculated. The presence of several “thermal domes” (zones of uplifted isotherms) has been found. Based on analogous sedimentary basins with domes, which correlate to the location of hydrocarbon deposits, the forecasting has been made that the Ust-Lena graben and Omoloi trough are the most promising areas for oil-and-gas prospecting.     

Geostatistically consistent history matching of 3D oil-and-gas reservoir models

An approach for geostatistically consistent matching of 3D flow simulation models and 3D geological models is proposed. This approach uses an optimization algorithm based on identification of the parameters of the geostatistical model (for example, the variogram parameters, such as range, sill, and nugget effect). Here, the inverse problem is considered in the greatest generality taking into account facies heterogeneity and the variogram anisotropy. The correlation dependence parameters (porosity-to-log permeability) are clarified for each single facies.     

The tectonic structure of the northern part of the West Siberian oil-and-gas basin

A structural-tectonic zonation of the northern part of the West Siberian oil-and-gas basin, for the purpose of distinguishing the main types of positive structures promising for hydrocarbons, is made. The first revealed type is related to the zones of ultradeep depressions and represented by large inversion swells. The second one is represented by highs located in the side parts of ultradeep depressions, in the zones of tectonic steps and monoclines.     

Cyclicity and prospects of the Jurassic oil-and-gas complex on the Barents Sea shelf

The oil and gas potential of Jurassic deposits of the shelf zone of the Barents Sea is confirmed by the discovery of a series of fields, both in the Russian sector of the Barents Sea, and in the Norwegian one. Along with known large gas and gas-condensate fields, the first oil field was opened in the western Norwegian part in April 2011. Peculiarities of the stratigraphy of the Jurassic complex indicate that cyclicity occurred in the development of the basin. The results of the works that were carried out demonstrate that the search for oil and gas fields in sandy reservoirs, deposited at the periods of regression is promising. Regionally extended clayey beds, which were deposited during periods of transgression, are considered as a seal. New oil and gas fields can be found, not only in the anticline structures, but also in lithological traps.     

Ancient continental margins and comparative analysis of their oil-and-gas bearing

Analysis of peculiarities in the distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations within the basins of Phanerozoic continental margins, which had completed their evolution, and complicated peripheral regions of ancient Laurasian and Gondwanian platforms nowadays, has enabled us to reveal certain regularities related to two stages in the evolution of sedimentary basins. The first stage of evolution of sedimentary basins (period of existence of the continental margin proper) is related to large accumulations of fluid and gaseous hydrocarbons in the margins of continents belonging to the Laurasian megablock; for the margins of continents belonging to Gondwana, this period was reflected in the formation of large gas accumulation only (in the Permian). At the second stage of sedimentary basin evolution, large oil and gas accumulations were formed in areas associated with fore deeps, which were laid in the boundary of the Gondwanian platforms and fold belts. In comparison, in fore deeps that emerged in the marginal parts of Laurasian platforms, less significant accumulations of fluid and gaseous hydrocarbons were found (Table 1). The results of comparative analysis in oil-and-gas bearing basins located in the margins of the Laurasian and Gondwanian megablocks would help in purposeful exploratory works for oil and gas.     

Continental margins: Global belts of oil-and-gas accumulation,Laurasian belt

Most recent oil-and-gas-bearing (petroliferous) basins are members of one of the five oil-and-gas accumulation belts confined to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic continent/ocean transition zones. The Laurasian belt includes continental margins in the northern Atlantic and Arctic oceans that accommodate several large petroliferous basins.     

Continental margins: Global belts of oil-and-gas accumulation. The Caribbean-pacific belt

Among petroliferous regions of the world, a specific place is occupied by sedimentary basins confined to continental margins at the eastern periphery of the Pacific Ocean and in the Caribbean Sea. In the Cenozoic and Quaternary, this region was dominated by tectonic activity manifested as compression, movements along large fault systems (primarily, strike-slip faults), formation of mountain chains, appearance of thick accretion prisms and foothills, and development of volcanism at certain stages. The petroliferous structures of the region are mainly represented by fore-arc sedimentary basins complicated in some places by fore- and backdeeps.     

Estimation of the oil-and-gas potential of sedimentary depressions in the Far East and West Siberia based on gravimetry and geothermy data

The results of geodensity, geothermal, and paleotectonic modeling of some sedimentary depressions in the Far East region and central West Siberia are interpreted from a petroleum-geological standpoint. The prospects of the possibly oil-and-gas-bearing Paleogene and Upper Cretaceous rock complexes in the Lunsk, Makarovsk, and Aniva troughs, West Sakhalin uplift, and Middle Amur intermontane depression are estimated. Petroleum accumulation zones in the preplate complex are forecasted. Localization of Jurassic oil generation centers is defined at a new large oil field in the central West Siberian plate (West Siberian plate). Experience in petroleum geology modeling for structures of different tectonic patterns, lithologies, and rock ages makes it possible to recommend the adopted methodical approach and technology of gravimetric and geothermal interpretation as universal and efficient methods.     

Cenozoic complex in the Upper Telekai oil-and-gas field in the Chukchi Peninsula (results of petrographic examination of the succession penetrated by well 10)

The paper discusses new data resulting from petrographic examination of the composition and structure of Cenozoic sediments penetrated by Well 10 to a depth of 2350 m in the Upper Telekai oil-and-gas field within the Anadyr Basin. An alluvial-deltaic sedimentation environment of tuffaceous-sedimentary and terrigenous producing Lower Miocene rocks was found and their secondary alterations examined, including formation of clay minerals, carbonates, and zeolite. The vitrinite reflectance indices allowed determination of the catagenic zoning of the Miocene succession, and a significant catagenic unconformity related to pre-Pliocene erosion was recorded at its top.     

Middle-Devonian oil and gas reservoirs in the south of the Buzuluk depression: Their structural peculiarities,depositional environments,and oil-and-gas potential

The greater part of the total initial resources of the Buzuluk depression are located in the MiddleDevonian complex in the southern area. An integrated analysis of the results of macro- and microscopic core studies along with the interpretation of seismic and well-logging data resulted in the development of depositional reservoir models for Middle-Devonian sediments. The models allow one to predict the occurrence of natural reservoirs that are capable of containing oil and gas accumulations.     

Composition and formation conditions of pay zones in the lower Cretaceous Nizhnyaya Kheta and Yakovlevo formations within the Vankor oil-and-gas field (in the Northeast of West Siberia)

Sedimentologic analysis of cores from wells sunk in the Vankor petroleum field allowed refinement of the accumulation conditions producing the sandy strata of the Nizhnyaya Kheta River (Nizhnekhetsky) Formation accumulated in the coastal marine zone and of the Yakovlevo (Yakovlevsky) Formation accumulated under alluvial-deltaic conditions. Petrographic examination of the sandstones added information on the sources, transport, and accumulation conditions of the terrigenous material in the northeastern marginal part of the West Siberian sedimentation basin.     

Problems of riverbed evolution in the basin of the Ural River

Aspects of riverbed evolution including bank erosion in the Ural River basin have been considered in this paper. The natural morphodynamic types of riverbeds have been described. The spatial features of their genesis have been characterized within the Ural River basin. To study the riverbed processes, decoding of remote sensing data of the water surface has been used. The risks for the infrastructure facilities and for the residential districts have been analyzed in terms of the bank erosion in the Ural River basin. The issues concerning the border between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan due to riverbed reconfiguration of the Ural River have been outlined. Maps of the development of bank erosion in the Ural River basin have been created. A way to solve the problem of riverbed evolution along the border area has been proposed by organizing an Intergovernmental Specially Protected Natural Zone.

     

江西德安—武宁一带双桥山群构造地层单位之初步划分

从研究构造变形入手,结合岩性特征,将德安—武宁一带的中元古界双桥山群浅变质地层自下而上划分为3个构造地层单位:横涌岩组、利安岩组、石城岩组,并论述了横涌岩组、利安岩组之间的隐蔽不整合接触界线及其意义。     

锚拉杆张拉力和摩阻力的现场实验研究与分析

对锚拉桥台锚拉杆进行了２０小时的现场试验,获得了大量实验数据,对张拉后锚拉杆的张拉力与长度、时间、温度和焊接接头的关系以及土对锚拉杆的摩阻力变化及分布规律作了分析与研究。研究结果对指导该类构筑物的设计与施工有着重要的理论与工程实用价值。     

Self-purification in the context of the problems of anthropogenic ecology of the sea

Some laws governing the self-purification of marine waters from oil products have been considered using the Sea of Azov and the NW shelf of the Black Sea as models. A number of principally important features of this process have been established including marked spatial heterogenity, and capacity for a sharp decline in the efficiency of destruction during anthropogenic transformations of marine ecosystems, etc. On the basis of a special mathematical model and numerous experiments, an estimation in the first approximation was made of the efficiency of the self-purification of the areas investigated and their characteristic regions. The value obtained is significantly smaller than the actual amount of oil products entering the sea as runoff. A number of recommendations have been made on the use of self-purification values for establishing standards for discharges of waste waters.     

Sources of the RCR catalog with normal and flat spectra according to data from the Planck microwave survey

Fields of the Planck cosmic-microwave background maps in the regions of radio sources of the RCR catalog have been studied. Using measurements from the Planck catalog, calibration curves have been plotted in order to determine the objects’ luminosities. The flux densities at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths of 83 objects with normal radio spectra have been estimated for the first time; their spectra have also been constructed, they have been optically identified, and information available in various databases has been collected. A statistical comparison with a sample of sources with steep radio spectra has been carried out. Faint, difficult to characterize microwave sources make an additional contribution to the secondary anisotropy on angular scales < 7′. An algorithm for selecting candidate objects with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect has been proposed, based on the use of data on the radio spectral indices and the signal in cosmic-microwave background maps.     

大气能量有效性的研究进展

大气能量有效性一直是大气科学研究中的重要组成部分，在过去的几十年中，得到了长足发展。对大气能量学特别是能量有效性问题的研究进展进行了全面回顾。为了将能量有效性的研究从全球大气整体向局地或区域尺度拓展，针对经典有效位能理论中存在的问题提出了扰动位能的新概念，并初步探讨了其理论和应用问题。在已开展的工作中，利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了扰动位能的时空结构以及与大气动能之间的联系，取得了很有意义的结果。     

Locations of nonstructural hydrocarbon traps on the shelf of the northern Barents Sea

This paper considers the results of summarized integrated geophysical investigations that were carried out from 2006 to 2012. The investigations included common depth point (CDP) seismic reflection survey, over water gravity survey, and differential hydromagnetic exploration with a total work scope of 30 000 linear kilometers. The deep structural tectonic plan, the structural and lithofacies features of the sedimentary cover section on the basic reflecting boundaries, and the features of the seismogeological complexes and seismic sections on a depth scale have been studied, and geological oil-and-gas zoning of the Northern Barents shelf has been made. Seventy-nine local anticlinal highs have been revealed, and the zones with potential nonstructural hydrocarbon traps have been determined. Due to the lack of huge anticlinal highs in the northern Barents Sea region, nonstructural traps are of interest in studying and replacing the mineral raw material base of Russia, as well as for arranging marine exploration.