西安地裂缝运动的时间序列分析

构造地裂缝是地震活动在地表土层中遗留的痕迹,而现代构造地裂缝的运动常常映现了该地区活动断层的运动特性。本文运用富里哀调和分析及趋势分析等方法,对西安地裂缝近几年错动的特征进行了分析,发现西安地裂缝的水平、垂直、引张三向的错动具有趋势性变化及周期性变化的特征。世界上迄今为止对地裂缝的研究仅限于地质上宏观的考察及定性的分析,本文运用时间序列的最佳数字模型分析方法研究西安地裂缝的运动特征,为地裂缝及活动断层的研究工作提示了一个新的途径与方法。并为探讨西安地裂缝运动的机制及减轻地裂缝给城市建设带来灾害的     

构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模拟研究

本文采用相似材料的地质力学机制模拟试验再现并验证了西安地裂缝的构造重力扩展机制,得出了构造重力扩展机制是西安地裂缝形成的根本成因,同时还得出了工程建筑物只要避开地裂缝一定距离就可以安全布置,以及西安地裂缝最大可能延深为老第三系地层的中上部等重要结论,初步揭示了现今西安市异常地面沉降的成因,具有一定的理论价值和社会效益。     

西安地铁二号线沿线地裂缝成因分析

西安地铁二号线沿线地裂缝主要包括西安地裂缝、长安地裂缝和次级裂缝f0。西安地裂缝总体为北东走向,活动方式为南倾南降,分布在临潼—长安断裂带(FN)上盘。长安地裂缝目前活动性较弱,处于隐伏状态。本文简要介绍了沿线地裂缝的基本情况,并在地裂缝勘察成果的基础上分析归纳得出,西安地裂缝的形成与深部构造活动有关,现今的超常活动与过量抽汲深层承压水导致地面不均匀沉降有关。长安地裂缝成因有两种:一种是构造成因,一种是重力成因。     

西安地裂缝活动特征及勘查思路探讨

西安地裂缝是在西安断陷构造活动和现代区域引张应力场的作用下，叠加了近期城市过量抽汲深层承压水等非构造因素引起的地表位移变化所致，成为人为因素加速构造地裂活动的典型代表，引起了各级政府以及国内外地学界的普遍关注。地裂缝所经之处，不仅造成地面地下建（构）筑设施严重毁损，而且给城市规划和建设带来了难以估量的经济损失，成为西安市最突出的城市地质灾害。笔者通过阐述西安地裂缝成生地质环境背景及其分布、时空运动规律、发育特征和形成机制，探讨了西安地裂缝勘查工作的思路、技术与方法。     

西安地裂缝的构造成因及其模型试验

西安地区近年逐渐发展的地裂缝,给西安城市建设带来较大的破坏。五条主要地裂缝均以大致北东东的走向,两公里左右的间距近于平行排列,穿过市区及近郊工业区。分析西安地裂缝的展布方位,三向位移特征等,具备构造地裂缝的基本特征,结合区域断裂展布方位的分析,我们认为西安地裂缝是在关中地堑构造盆地不断下陷的背景上,发展起来的蠕动性构造地裂缝,其动力来源是土层下面的一系列走向北东东、倾向南的张扭性正     

西安地裂缝的形成问题

近几年来,西安市区出现了急剧发展的地裂缝。五条主要地裂缝走向均呈北东东和2公里左右的间距平行排列延伸,穿过市区和近郊工业区。沿线的建筑物、道路以及地下设施均遭受到不同程度的破坏。西安地处关中地堑盆地,属于八度地震区,因此,研究西安地裂缝的成因,对工程水文地质、城市规划、建设、地震地质等,都有着重要和现实的意义。目前,对于西安地裂缝成因问题的解释众说纷纭,但可概括为构造成因和非构造成因两大类观点。     

构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模拟研究

本文采用相似材料的地质力学机制模拟试验,再现并验证了西安地裂缝的构造重力扩展机制,得出了构造重力扩展机制是西安地裂缝形成的根本成因,同时还得出了工程建筑物只要避开地裂缝一定距离就可以安全布置,以及地裂缝最大可能延深为老第三系地层的中上部等重要结论,初步揭示了现今西安市异常地面沉降的成因,具有一定的理论价值和社会效益。     

西安市反倾向地裂缝成因分析

本文在大量现场调研的基础上，结合室内分析，初步探讨了西安市反倾向地裂缝的成因及其与区内已发育的１１个条地裂缝的关系，从而进一步证实了构造重力扩展机制是形成西安地裂缝的内在原因。     

西安地裂缝活动现状及地铁隧道建设应对措施

汾渭盆地是国内地裂缝发育最强烈的地区。西安地处汾渭盆地,已经出露地表和隐伏的地裂缝共发现15条。在综合已有的认识基础上,深化了西安地裂缝成因的认识。通过西安地裂缝的活动现状及其发展趋势分析,针对西安各地裂缝的分布、活动状态和已有监测结果,给出了地裂缝带的最大地表宽度和地铁设防长度;针对地裂缝活动对衬砌结构的影响及破坏作用,从适应地裂缝变形、预防衬砌结构破坏和道床变形调控等方面,探讨了地基处理措施、结构加强措施、道床结构措施,阐述了西安地铁2号线通过地裂缝时地铁隧道建设的应对措施。目前,确立的“放”与“防”的设计指导思想是西安地铁隧道穿越地裂缝设计方案进一步完善和深入研究的基础     

抽水作用下先期断裂对地裂缝的影响研究

过度抽取地下水和先期存在的断裂构造是西安市地裂缝地质灾害发生的主要原因。作者首先从理论上分析了抽水情况下地裂缝形成的张拉破裂机制、剪切破裂机制和张剪复合破裂机制,并从结构面控制理论分析了先期断裂在地裂缝形成中的控制作用;然后依据比奥三维固结理论,采用FLAC软件建立了西安地裂缝的计算模型,比较了抽水作用时没有先期断裂和地层差异、有先期断裂而没有地层差异、有地层差异而无先期断裂等情况时的地面变形特征,得出抽水作用下,先期断裂对地裂缝的形成及发展具有诱导、隔离和放大的耦合作用,从而得出先期断裂不仅仅只是地裂缝形成的构造基础的结论。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.