A palaeovalley system in the floodplain of the Mark River (Central Belgium)

A borehole programme on the floodplain of the River Mark has revealed an important fossilized fluvial system, now invisible in the present landscape. The palaeovalley meanders gently and is up to 200 m wide and 8 m deep. It is eroded in older fluvial sands, probably of Pleniglacial age, overlain by an aeolian cover of varying thickness. As indicated by several radiocarbon dates of the valley fill deposits, the erosion of the system took place in the pre-Holocene period. The filling proceeded in three phases. The morphological implications of each phase and their spatial extension are demonstrated. Most of the vertical fill consists of a sandy loam to loam. Around 9000 yr BP, the accumulation of an organic facies (mainly woodpeat) started, followed by the deposition of a weak fluvial clay. At 1400 yr BP the filling of the palaeovalley was complete.     

地下水位变化对金州水准基岩标石的影响分析

对辽宁金州地震台地下水位上升引起水准基岩标石底部岩层的应力变化进行定性和定量分析,并使用分层总和法计算基岩标石受到的影响量.研究结果表明,金州水准所受地下水的干扰,主要是标石底部的基岩在地下水位变化的作用下而发生形变所致,其影响的大小与水位变化幅度、水容重、基岩的压缩模量和孔隙度有关.     

水化地震短临前兆标志体系的研究

应用层次性和整体性原理等新观点，从大量的水化观测资料中，提炼出水化前兆标志。该标志以强震和强余震为目标，从中期、短期和短临３个时间尺度上，对其发生的时间和地点进行跟踪预测。预测的标志有均值变化率、频次变化速率、频次累加曲线和从属函数等４类。讨论了提取４类标志以及判断时间和地点的方法，并详述了不同时间尺度的震情判断方案。对１９７６年唐山地震做了检验性预测，效果良好。     

To Pizzetti's Theory of the Level Ellipsoid

The topic of the Earth's reference body, which has now been established as Pizzetti's level rotational ellipsoid, is analysed. Such a body is fully determined by four parameters: a, GM, J ₂ and . At present, the largest discrepancy in determining these parameters occurs in the value of a, which may in future be replaced by the gravity potential of the mean sea level W _o, with respect to Brovar's condition.Pizzetti's four parameters of the reference body are determined by solving the Dirichlet boundary value problem. The Dirichlet problem has only a unique solution, which, however, can be expressed in infinitely many ways. It turns out that the most important part in the form of the solution is played by Lamé's conditions, which determine the type of ellipsoidal coordinates.The solutions given by Pizzetti, Molodensky and another variant are considered. The last variant leads to a simple formula for the potential of the reference ellipsoid, but the formulae for Lamé's coefficients are inconvenient. Of course, all the methods lead to identical solutions, but some of them are more convenient for the historical use of logarithms, whereas others are more appropriate for use in computers.     

To the problem of earthquake magnitudes determination

Summary Causes of inconsistency in magnitudes determined by broad-band and short-period instruments and by different systems of observations are elucidated. In so doing, both observations of standard stations of USSO of the USSR and those of Soviet frequency selecting seismic stations () are employed. On the basis of large statistic material of the stationare network of USSO, a dependence of spectral constitution ofP waves and frequency-temporal fields constructed for some earthquakes have been revealed as well as a dependence of magnitude values upon an arrival time of maximal particle velocity. It has been shown that the range of measuring (A/T) _max should be enlarged at least to 15 sec. A conclusion is drawn that the most stable magnitude consistent with the Catalogue by Gutenberg is the one determined by medium-period instruments.     

唐山地震地电阻率震时突变及前兆标志研究

通过研究唐山７．８级地震ρｓ震时突变现象。发现ρｓ震时突变具有变化幅度显著，空间分布普遍以及与震前ρｓ异常变化性质的相反的似弹性回跳现象等。研究了与ρｓ震时突变有关的震前ρｓ的前兆标志及其特征，用从复杂的ρｓ异常变化中识别和判定与地震有直接关系的地震前兆，对提高地电方法地震水平具有重要的实际意义和应用前景。     

近20年华北地电阻率异常空间演化及强震短期前兆判别标志研究

开展了华北地电阻率异常参数提取的研究，以1980—2001年的异常参数为输入进行了全时空扫描，并对其动态图像演化做全面分析，由此提取出华北地区5级以上地震的地电阻率短期前兆的判别标志。为了进行初步检验，本文依上述判别标志对华北近年地电阻率动态图像做了对比分析。     

In memory of Jaroslav Šubrt

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In memory of Jaroslav ubrt     

The memory of the accreting plate boundary and the continuity of fracture zones

A detailed aeromagnetic anomaly map of the Mesozoic seafloor-spreading lineations southwest of Bermuda reveals the dominant magnetic grain of the oceanic crust and the character of the accreting boundary at the time of crustal formation. The magnetic anomaly pattern is that of a series of elongate lobes perpendicular to the fracture zone (flowline) trends. The linear sets of magnetic anomaly peaks and troughs have narrow regions of reduced amplitude anomalies associated with the fracture zones. During the period of Mesozoic geomagnetic polarity reversals (when 1200 km of central North Atlantic seafloor formed), the Atlantic accreting boundary consisted of stationary, elongate, spreading center cells that maintained their independence even though sometimes only minor spatial offsets existed between cells. Normal oceanic crustal structure was formed in the spreading center cells, but structural anomalies and discontinuities characteristic of fracture zones were formed at their boundaries, which parallel flowlines of Mesozoic relative plate motion in the central North Atlantic. We suggest that the memory for a stationary pattern of independent spreading center cells resides in the young brittle lithosphere at the accreting boundary where the lithosphere is weakest; here, each spreading center cell independently goes through its cylce of stress buildup, stress release, and crustal accretion, after which its memory is refreshed. The temporal offset between the peaks of the accretionary activity that takes place within each cell may provide the mechanism for maintaining the independence of adjacent spreading center cells through times when no spatial offset between the cells exists.     

进一步完善《地震档案分类表》

为适应防震减灾事业的发展,对《地震档案分类表》的进一步完善提出建议。     

In memory of Donald V. Helmberger

When I received the shocking news on August 13,2020 that our beloved Don passed away,I was deeply saddened.The feeling was worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic tha...