Character of zircon distribution in dunites of the South Urals (Sakharin and East Khabarnin massifs)

Zircons in dunites of the Sakharin and East Khararnin massifs, situated in the South Urals and part of the platinum-bearing Uralian belt, were investigated for the first time. Several types were identified in the polygene-polychronous zircon assemblage of both massifs. The first is represented by Proterozoic (from 1517 ± 12 to 2693 ± 9 Ma) crystals similar to those widely spread in the Riphean and more ancient Uralian deposits. The second type includes dunite varieties of typical magmatic habit and of ages from 377 ± 3.6 Ma to 402 ± 3 Ma. The third contains crystals and crystal fragments of a high degree of crystallinity. The concordant Archean dating (2808 ± 26 Ma) for zircons of this type determines the minimum age of the dunite substrate. Zircons of Type 4 are heterogeneous, consist of the relict (nuclear) part represented by crystals of Types I and III and the newly formed mantle, and are consistent with zircons of Type II.     

Chemical composition and osmium-isotope systematics of primary and secondary PGM assemblages from high-Mg chromitite of the Nurali lherzolite massif,the South Urals,Russia

The isotopic and geochemical characteristics of PGE mineralization in high-Mg chromitite from the banded dunite–wehrlite–clinopyroxenite complex of the Nurali lherzolite massif, the South Urals, Russia is characterized for the first time. Electron microprobe analysis and LA MC-ICP-MS mass spectrometry are used for studying Cr-spinel and platinum-group minerals (PGM). Two processes synchronously develop in high-Mg chromitite subject to metamorphism: (1) the replacement of Mg–Al-rich Cr-spinel, orthopyroxene, and diopside by chromite, Cr-amphibole, chlorite, and garnet; (2) the formation of a secondary mineral assemblage consisting of finely dispersed ruthenium or Ru-hexaferrum aggregate and silicate–oxide or silicate matter on the location of primary Ru–Os-sulfides of the laurite–erlichmanite solid solution series. Similar variations of Os-isotopic composition in both primary and secondary PGM assemblages are evidence for the high stability of the Os isotope system in PGM and for the possibility of using model ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ages in geodynamic reconstructions.     

Isotope geochemistry and geochronology of the gabbro of the Volkovsky Massif,Urals

⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar, Sm-Nd, U-Pb, and Lu-Hf isotope data are reported on the gabbro of the Volkovsky Massif, the only massif of the Uralian Platinum Belt wherein economic copper-iron-vanadium and high-grade gold-palladium mineralization is present. The massif is made up of gabbro blocks with concentrically zoned structure and diorite intrusions in its core. In the northeast and southwest, the gabbro is cut by syenite of the Kushva Massif. Gabbro blocks mainly consist of the olivine-anorthite gabbro, while labradorite two- pyroxene gabbro intersects both olivine-anorthite gabbro and Ti-magnetite and copper-PGE mineralization developed in them. The study of both gabbro types by Sm-Nd isochron and U-Pb (SHRIMP II) zircon methods with subsequent REE and Lu-Hf isotope analysis of zircon made it possible to date reliably (428 ± 7 Ma (SHRIMP) and 436 ± 21 Ma (Sm-Nd)) postore labradorite gabbro and, correspondingly, the upper age limit of the mineralization of the Volkovsky Massif. Ore-bearing olivine-anorthite gabbro contain four different-age zircon populations: 2682 ± 37–972 ± 18 Ma, 655 ± 15 to 565 ± 9 Ma; 450 ± 12 Ma, and 343 ± 8 Ma. Hf-Nd isotope systematics showed that zircon with an age of 450 ± 12 Ma presumably marks the formation age of the rocks, the older zircon was trapped, while zircon with an age of 343 ± 8 Ma was formed during low-temperature transformation of the rock and sometimes contains excess radiogenic Hf. Proterozoic xenogenic zircon was inherited from diverse rocks of ancient crust, while the oldest grain with an age of 2065 Ma was possibly formed in a deep mantle source. Vendian zircon was presumably also entrapped, and its morphology and geochemistry point to the crystallization from a basaltic melt. The abundance of pre-Paleozoic zircon in the olivine-anorthite gabbro suggests significant contribution of ancient material in their petrogenesis. This material could serve as source of ore components (metals and sulfur) for unique copper-sulfide gold-PGE mineralization of the Volkovsky Massif.     

南阿尔金迪木那里克花岗岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素特征及其构造地质意义

迪木那里克花岗岩侵入到南阿尔金迪木那里克浅海相沉积地层中,岩性为钾长花岗岩。地球化学数据显示该花岗岩具有高SiO₂、高钾、高铝的特征,富集Rb、Th、K、La、Zr,亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti,属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,具有S型花岗岩的特征;其源岩为杂砂岩,熔融温度和压力约为>800℃与~10kbar。锆石ε_Hf(t)介于-3.52~0.95,LA-ICP-MS 锆石 U-Pb 定年确定其形成时代为452.8±3.1Ma。迪木那里克花岗岩的形成时代明显晚于南阿尔金高压-超高压变质岩的峰期变质时代(486~504Ma),而与超高压岩石的退变质时代(455Ma)基本一致,又与形成时代为467Ma的长沙沟-清水泉一带裂谷型层状镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体伴生,其成因可能是阿尔金深俯冲陆壳板片发生断离后,深部地幔物质上涌导致地壳杂砂岩熔融的产物,具有同折返岩浆作用的特点。结合以往研究,南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带中早古生代花岗岩的演化期次可初步划分为:1)约500Ma,与高压-超高压变质岩的峰期变质时代一致,形成于陆-陆碰撞造山作用过程中的陆壳相互叠置加厚阶段;2)为466~451Ma,与超高压岩石的退变质时代大致相当,形成于深俯冲陆壳断离后的伸展构造背景;3)为426~385Ma,形成于碰撞造山作用结束后的伸展减薄阶段。     

柴达木山花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究

正柴北缘高压—超高压变质带内发育的榴辉岩、蛇绿岩、麻粒岩及片麻岩等前人进行了大量的研究。大柴旦地区是柴北缘古生代超高压带的重要组成部分,与超高压岩石相伴的花岗岩十分发育,查明该超高压带上花岗质岩浆活动期次及其与超高压变质作用、造山带构造演化之间的关系,对探讨中国西部大地构造演化具有十分重要的意义(吴才来等,2007)。     

Sources of Zircons from Clastic Rocks of the Riphean Sequences of the Urals

Doklady Earth Sciences - New dates of detrital zircons from sandstones expand the possibilities to interpret their source areas. These interpretations are often constrained by a formal comparison...     

辽南三家子地区南辽河群里尔峪组变沉积岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究

南辽河群里尔峪组主要分布在华北克拉通胶-辽-吉活动带的大石桥-岫岩-凤城-宽甸一带,主要岩性为各类长英质粒状岩石(浅粒岩-变粒岩组合)。通过前人长期深入研究,在区域构造、地球化学、同位素年代学研究、变质作用以及构造演化等方面积累了大量资料,取得了一系列重要进展。但是,有关其变质作用特征、沉积时代、源区特征以及辽河群乃至整个胶-辽-吉活动带的大地构造属性和形成的构造演化过程长期以来存在着裂谷开启-闭合模式、弧-陆碰撞模式和陆-陆碰撞模式的争论。本文在辽南地区1∶5万变质岩区专题填图的基础上,选择三家子地区南辽河群里尔峪组的疙瘩状长英质粒状岩石、黑云斜长片麻岩和含黑云母长英质粒状岩石为重点研究对象。通过锆石阴极发光图像特征和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测试,综合限定研究区南辽河群里尔峪组变质沉积岩的物质来源和原岩形成时代,进而探讨其形成的构造背景。3件样品中锆石阴极发光图像显示核-边结构,核部具振荡环带,Th/U比值较高(Th/U=0.12~4.95),表明其岩浆来源;U-Pb年代学测试分别得到2140Ma、2170Ma和2150Ma的年龄峰值。综合前期研究成果,锆石U-Pb年代学测试结果在年龄直方图中显示明显的2137Ma的峰值。该组年龄与区域上大量出露的辽吉花岗岩的年龄具有一致性,表明南辽河群里尔峪组的物质来源于辽吉花岗岩,其沉积时限应晚于古元古代。     

湘东-赣西地区早古生代晚期花岗岩体的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年研究

对湘东板杉铺岩体、宏夏桥岩体和赣西张佳坊岩体、丰顶山岩体以及山庄岩体共5个早古生代晚期花岗岩体的LA—ICPMS锆石U—Pb年龄测定结果表明,采自上述5个岩体的代表性样品分别给出了（418±2）Ma（板杉铺岩体）、（432±6）Ma（宏夏桥岩体）、（440±2）Ma（张佳坊岩体）、（402±2）Ma（丰顶山岩体）和（424±3）Ma（山庄岩体）的锆石u—Ph谐和年龄,代表了区内早古生代晚期花岗岩的形成时代。结合其他的年代学和地质资料,认为华南早古生代晚期花岗岩空间上呈面状展布,时代上主体集中在400～440Ma间,且区内早古生代晚期片麻状花岗岩和块状花岗岩的形成时代无明显差异,动力学上倾向于认为华南内部加里东事件很可能不是洋陆俯冲作用的结果。     

Origin of vitriol Lake Gay,South Urals

This paper can be considered a case history in which geology, geophysics, and more particularly geohydrology and geochemistry, when applied to the problem of origin of a vitriol lake, led to discovery of a copper prospect. After a review of various postulated origins for the vitriol lake and previous interpretation of the local structure, new evidence based on borehole and geophysical data demonstrated that the structure consists of two anticlines and two fault systems. Study of the geohydrologic conditions as related to the fault systems and the geochemistry of their water indicate the lake is the result of mineralized water whose circulation is controlled by the fault zone. Source of the copper in these waters may be some hidden copper deposit in a direction away from the known ore bodies. -- J. Lemish.     

鞍山地区营城子古太古代片麻岩杂岩的识别与锆石U-Pb年代学研究

鞍山地区分布有始太古代-新太古代花岗岩杂岩,是研究早期地壳物质组成及其演化的经典地区之一.通过大比例尺岩性调查工作,新近在营城子识别出一套片麻岩杂岩和奥长花岗岩组合,为本区古老岩系的对比、构造格局恢复、太古代地壳形成与演化研究提供了新的依据和线索.片麻岩杂岩主要由条带状黑云斜长片麻岩、(脉状)奥长花岗质片麻岩以及黑云母片岩组成,呈不同规模的包体产出于细粒、均匀块状的奥长花岗岩之中.片麻岩杂岩的岩石组合以及复杂多变、明显不均一的岩石组构特征表明具有深熔混合岩的成因特点.SIMS锆石U-Pb定年表明,片麻岩杂岩中条带状黑云斜长片麻岩和黑云母片岩形成年龄分别为3312±14Ma、3304±7Ma和3324±7Ma～3235±14Ma,明确反映古太古代热事件,此外个别样品中存在3.68～3.60Ga和～3.47Ga继承锆石.细粒黑云奥长花岗岩的年龄为3.14～ 3.13Ga,与全区中太古代岩浆热事件一致.区域对比分析表明:营城子片麻岩杂岩的岩石组合、产状关系和年代学特征与东山杂岩和深沟寺杂岩十分相似,为古大古代(3.33 ～3.24Ga)深熔作用的产物.营城子片麻岩杂岩是鞍山地区另一个保留有古老锆石信息和太古宙早期地壳岩石的地质体.     

Zirconology of miaskites from the Ilmeny Mountains,South Urals

It is shown that the replacement and long evolution of miaskitic zircons led to the formation of two main age groups: 420–380 Ma (I) and 260–240 Ma (II). The age of miaskites is estimated at 440–445 Ma. Zircons I bear traces of fragmentation, dissolution, and replacement; they have “flat” REE patterns typical of metasomatic (hydrothermal) types, which is caused by allochthonous nature of the studied miaskites. Zircons II with differentiated REE patterns are similar to magmatic varieties, but have metamorphic origin. Mineralogical–geochemical and age characteristics of zircons in combination with structural–compositional features of miaskites define their metasomatic nature. The origin of the early zircon generations was related to the Ordovician rifting, while late generations were formed during shear deformations at the final stage of the evolution of the Uralian orogen.     

U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of minerals from the ultrabasic-alkaline massifs of the Kola province

This paper reports the results of U-Pb geochronological and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemical investigations (LA-ICP-MS) for perovskite, apatite, titanite, and calcite from the ultrabasic-alkaline rocks of the Paleozoic Kola alkaline province of the Fennoscandian Shield. Based on the obtained data, two main stages were distinguished in the history of Paleozoic intrusions in this province: (1) formation of ultrabasic-alkaline series of the Kovdor, Afrikanda, Turiy Mys, Ozernaya Varaka, Lesnaya Varaka, and other massifs, as well as the ultrabasic-alkaline series of the Khibiny and Lovozero massifs (385–375 Ma) and (2) formation of agpaitic syenites in the Khibiny and Lovozero calderas (375–360 Ma) and related apatite-nepheline deposits (370 Ma). The Sr-Nd isotopic geochemical investigations of perovskite, apatite, and titanite, which are the main hosts for the rare earth elements and Sr in ultrabasic-alkaline rocks, showed that variations in the Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics of these rocks are related to a large extent to crustal contamination during the ascent of their parental melts toward the surface and crystallization in magma chambers. As a result, the Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics of late minerals (apatite and titanite) do not reflect the initial Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the primary magma. Initial ratios in the primary mantle melts are most closely approximated by the isotopic characteristics of phases crystallizing during early stages (e.g., perovskite).     

On the kinematics of zircon growth and its petrogenetic significance: a cathodoluminescence study

The relative growth rates of zircon crystal faces are recorded by growth zoning, which is recognizable in cathodoluminescence photographs of oriented crystal sections. The kinematics of zircon growth is graphically presented by the slopes of Grabahnen between crystal sectors. The relative velocities of advance of crystal faces correlate to the pattern of growth zoning. Widely spaced zoning, interrupted by surfaces of dissolution, on the one hand, and narrowly spaced uninterrupted oscillatory zoning, on the other hand, are interpreted as markers of low and high zircon-supersaturation of the melt, respectively. The following model is deduced from this correlation. The prism {110} is that crystal form, the growth rate of which reacts most sensitively to the zircon-supersaturation of the melt. The growthrate of the steep pyramid {211} is not primarily controlled by zircon-supersaturation. Instead, the growth of {211} is delayed by the adsorption of foreign atoms on its faces. The kinematics of zircon growth in anatectic, plutonic and meta-rhyolitic host rocks in the pre-Mesozoic basement of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps) is explained by this model. Results show that the kinematics of zircon growth carry a much greater petrogenetic significance than has been previously suggested for the final shape of crystals alone.     

福建魁岐晶洞花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地球化学研究

魁岐晶洞花岗岩具有高Si、高碱、低Ca、富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素的地球化学特征,为典型的A型花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分析显示,魁岐小晶洞花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄在101.7±2Ma和97.3±0.77Ma之间,而大晶洞花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄在93.6±1.5Ma和92.0±1.3Ma之间,表明它们是晚白垩世早期岩浆活动的产物。锆石原位Hf同位素分析显示,大晶洞锆石的εHf(t)分别为+1.45和+1.21,锆石二阶段模式年龄平均值为1064Ma和1078Ma,说明该类岩石是幔源岩浆底侵导致下地壳熔融的结果。以上研究成果表明,魁岐晶洞A型花岗岩形成于库拉板块向欧亚板块俯冲,诱发其上的大陆岩石圈板块伸展的构造环境。因此,其原始岩浆是新元古代下地壳物质部分熔融的产物,并伴有地幔物质的加入。     

Biostratigraphy versus isotope geochronology: Testing the Urals island arc model

Formation of the Urals volcanic-hosted massive sulphide(VHMS) deposits is considered to be related with the intra-oceanic stage of island arc(s) development in the Upper Ordoviciane Middle Devonian based on the biostratigraphic record of ore-hosting sedimentary rocks. However, the direct Re-Os dating of four known VHMS systems in the Urals gives significantly younger Re-Os isochron ages ranging from355 ± 15 Ma up to 366 ± 2 Ma. To address this discrepancy, we performed SHRIMP U-Pb dating on zircons extracted from rhyodacites(Eifelian biostratigraphic age of 393 -388 Ma) from the footwall of the Alexandrinka VHMS deposit which has a Re-Os isochron age of sulphides of 355 ± 15 Ma.New ²⁰⁶ Pb/²³⁸ U mean age of 374 ± 3 Ma(MSWD ? 1.4 and probability ? 0.11) is considered to be the crystallisation age of the host volcanic rock. This age is ca. 15 Ma younger than the Eifelian(393 -388 Ma)biostratigraphic age and overlaps the Frasniane Famennian boundary(372 ± 2 Ma), characterised by the final stages of Magnitogorsk Arc e East European continent collision. Such an inconsistency with geochronological age may be due to a reburial of conodonts during resedimentation as a result of erosion of older rocks in younger sedimentary sequences.