No geology without marine geology

Summary A brief review is offered of the many problems where knowledge of the ocean floors and of marine processes in shallow water is indispensable for the further advancement of geology. The subject of turbidity currents is treated in greater detail, to demonstrate the interrelation of several aspects of marine geology with sedimentologic and paleogeographic investigations.     

Coasts: the high-risk areas of the world

No other region is more threatened by natural perils than coasts. Fierce winds, storm surges, large waves and tsunamis expend their destructive energy when they reach the coastline. Constituting, in many cases, the boundary between continental plates, coasts experience earthquakes and volcanic eruptions more frequently. The changing climate poses the threat of sea level rise. Most global trade crosses the oceans; ports are the entry and exit points of a nation’s trade. As a consequence, coasts attract people, businesses and industries. Some coastal regions rank among the top places in the world in terms of population and value accumulation. Enormous catastrophe loss potentials have been created and are increasing. Risk is the result of a natural hazard, the values at risk and their vulnerability. Living with and reducing the risk requires awareness at all levels of society and partnership between the public authorities, the people and enterprises concerned, and the financial sector. Great natural events are not avoidable, great disasters are. Catastrophes are not only products of chance but also the outcome of the interaction between political, financial, social, technical and natural circumstances. Effective safeguards are both achievable and indispensable, but they will never provide complete protection. In order to manage the risks faced by a society, we have to be aware of that.     

构造地质与工程地质的基本关系

构造地质学是研究各种地质构造及其成生演化的基础地质学 ,工程地质学主要是应用地质学理论尤其是构造地质学理论解决人类工程建设活动中与构造现象和构造活动有密切关系的地质问题的应用地质学。二者的研究目的虽然不同 ,但所研究的主要对象是相同的 ,即都是地质构造 ,所研究的又都是地球变化过程中的构造变动及其各类效应。文中讨论了构造地质学与工程地质学之间的基本关系 ,主要包括地质构造对工程地质环境和工程地质条件的控制作用 ;深部构造、浅部构造以及表层构造动力学特征与区域地壳稳定性之间的关系 ;构造结构面、构造应力场与岩土体稳定性的关系 ;活动构造与工程建筑安全性的关系以及地质构造与崩滑流、地裂缝、地面沉降等地质灾害的关系等问题。     

Gravestone geology

Cemeteries and graveyards not only serve as a peaceful place to commemorate the dead. For geologists—whether amateur, student or professional—almost any urban cemetery provides a valuable opportunity to carry out scientific field work at leisure, right on the doorstep, and at no cost. Cemeteries offer an excellent opportunity to examine and study a wide range of stone types in a small space. They also serve as a useful field area for studying rock weathering.     

Radio geology

BBC Education has produced a series of six radio programmes on geology, to be broadcast in March 1988 on Radio 4 VHF. The programmes are supported by 117 slides (two of which are used - in black-and-white form-to illustrate this article) and three computer programs.     

区域工程地质,环境工程地质论文综述

本次大会收入本专题论文70篇,约占大会论文1/3,反映了当今工程地质学的一个非常重要的研究主题。可将之分为下面几个方面进行讨论:地质灾害研究(29篇),区域地壳稳定性评价与地震工程地质(22篇),城市与区域环境地质研究及质量评价(16篇),近海区域工程地质调查和环境地质编图(3篇)。本文对该专题的发展方向进行了讨论。     

Myth and geology

I dare say many geologists may wonder why the Geological Society would be publishing a book on such a topic. Surely geology has advanced well beyond the stage of myth! But the field is now quite ＇respectable＇ and the papers in this volume grow from a session held at the International Geological Congress in Florence in 2004. The field of geology and myth was founded virtually single handed by Dorothy Vitaliano in her Legends of the Earth （1973） and she gave the keynote address at the Florence meeting.     

AnnouncingEstuaries and Coasts, Journal of the Estuarine Research Federation

This is the first issue ofEstuaries and Coasts (ISSN 1559-2723), which continues the Estuarine Research Federation's publication inEstuaries (1978–2005) (ISSN 0160-8347) of scientific reports, reviews, comments, and notes on estuarine and coastal scientific research from around the world. Numbering of volumes ofEstuaries and Coasts continues uninterrupted fromEstuaries since the expanded title was not intended to mark a change in the scope of the journal. It is our hope that the journal will continue to become more international in its coverage, and to include more coastal science than is sometimes associated with the single word nameEstuaries. In addition to the change of the journal's name there is also a new cover design that will change with each issue and highlight an estuary or coast associated with one or more articles in the issue. Another change to the journal is a new column entitled Perspectives in Estuarine and Coastal Science, which is intended to stimulate discussion about emerging topics in estuarine and coastal science. The H. T. Odum Synthesis Essay, initiated in 2005, will be continued on an annual basis.     

Ecological geology,environmental geology,geoecology: Contents and relations

The contents and relationships of environmental geology, ecological geology, and geoecology are discussed. It is shown that they differ in their subjects, directions and objects of investigation, as well as their scientific and practical tasks. Hence, these concepts and the spheres of knowledge they determine can be neither identified with nor substituted for each other because this inevitably causes terminological confusion and hampers the development of ecological problems, and not only in geology. Environmental geology, by its content, is a collection of data obtained by traditional geological sciences and has no specially developed conceptual base. It is an anthropocentrically oriented field of geological knowledge, unlike ecological geology, which is oriented biocentrically and has a wider volume. Geoecology is an interdisciplinary science studying the effect of all abiotic spheres of living matter. Ecologically oriented geological sciences are intended to provide information on only one of these spheres—the lithosphere.