| 东北地区湿度梯度下的表土植硅体的空间分布规律 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘洪妍, 王海南, 介冬梅, 刘利丹, 高桂在, 李德晖, 李楠楠, 冷程程, 李晨露. 东北地区湿度梯度下的表土植硅体的空间分布规律[J]. 第四纪研究, 2019, 39(1): 76-88. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2019.01.08 |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘洪妍 王海南 介冬梅 刘利丹 高桂在 李德晖 李楠楠 冷程程 李晨露 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 安阳师范学院资源环境与旅游学院, 河南 安阳 455000; 2. 东北师范大学美术学院, 吉林 长春 130117; 3. 东北师范大学泥炭沼泽研究所, 吉林 长春 130024; 4. 国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130024; 5. 东北师范大学草地研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130024; 6. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院, 湖南 长沙 410081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41771214、41471164和41602366);安阳师范学院大学生创新基金项目(批准号:ASCX/2018-Z127)共同资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 植硅体的现代过程研究是恢复古环境的基础，探讨表土植硅体分布及组合特征对环境因子的响应尤为重要。沿中国东北地区年均温为4 ℃等温线采集70块表土样品，研究了单一温度因素控制下表土植硅体的空间分布规律，以期获得不同类型植硅体对降水的响应。研究结果表明：所有表土样品中植硅体丰富且数量较多，主要有棒型、尖型、块状、扇型、扁平状、短鞍型、帽型、哑铃型、齿型、三棱柱型、导管型、硅质突起、硅化气孔、弓型和多面表皮植硅体；且主要以短细胞、棒型、尖型为主，其平均百分含量之和高达80.77%，块状、扁平状、扇型次之，其他类型的植硅体含量较少。方差分析结果表明：棒型、三棱柱型、硅质突起、哑铃型和扁平状在大兴安岭、松嫩平原和长白山之间存在显著性差异，且棒型、三棱柱型、硅质突起的百分含量与年降水量具有极显著的正相关性，哑铃型的百分含量与年降水量具有极显著的负相关性。总之，年均温为4 ℃等温线上70块表土样品中植硅体类型基本相同，但不同类型植硅体的百分含量存在差异，说明本研究区域内表土植硅体组合特征对降水的响应较为敏感。
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| 关 键 词： | 植硅体 等温线 环境意义 东北地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018-11-09 |
THE DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOLITH IN TOPSOIL SAMPLES UNDER THE HUMIDITY GRADIENT IN NORTHEAST CHINA |
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| Liu Hongyan, Wang Hainan, Jie Dongmei, Liu Lidan, Gao Guizai, Li Dehui, Li Nannan, Leng Chengcheng, Li Chenlu. The distribution of phytolith in topsoil samples under the humidity gradient in Northeast China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2019, 39(1): 76-88. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2019.01.08 |
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| Authors: | Liu Hongyan Wang Hainan Jie Dongmei Liu Lidan Gao Guizai Li Dehui Li Nannan Leng Chengcheng Li Chenlu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Resources Environment and Tourism, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan; 2. Fine Arts Academy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin; 3. Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin; 4. Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, State Environmental Protection Administration, Changchun 130024, Jilin; 5. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin; 6. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan |
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| Abstract: | Phytolith, as an indicator to reconstruct the paleoenvironment, is based on the investigation of modern phytolith. So studying the relationships between the phytolith assemblages in topsoil samples and environmental factors is very crucial. In this study, we collected 70 topsoil samples along the isotherm of 4℃ in Northeast China to study the distribution rules of phytolith in the control of the single environmental factor. With the special sampling method, we targeted to reveal the responses of phytolith assemblages in the samples to a single environmental factor of precipitation more detailed. Northeast China(38°40'~53°30'N, 115°05'~135°02'E) is located in the east of Eurasia, with a total area of 1.24×106 km2. The mean annual temperature ranges from -4℃ to 11℃, and mean monthly temperature ranges from 21℃ to 26℃ and from -24℃ to 9℃ in July and January, respectively. Precipitation occurs mainly from July to September, and the mean annual precipitation is 350 mm to 1100 mm. Phytolith were extracted by wet oxidation method and heavy liquid flotation. Canada balsam was used to prepare slides and at least 300 grain phytoliths were observed and identified in every sample. The results showed that there were a large number of phytoliths with various morphotypes in the 70 topsoil samples in Northeast China. The phytolith morphotypes in different topsoil samples were the same, included elongate, lanceolate, blocky, cuneiform, tabular, short saddle, rondel, bilobate, trapeziform, pteridophyte-type, conduit, papillae, silicified stomata, sclereid and polyhedral epidermal. However, the percentages of different types of phytoliths in the 70 samples were different. In general, the average percentages of short cell phytoliths, elongate and lanceolate were high and the sum of these phytolith percentage up to 80.77%;the average percentages of blocky, tabular and cuneiform were small relatively;the average percentages of the other types of phytoliths were appeared sporadically in the 70 topsoil samples. The percentages of the phytolith in different regions were different. For example, the percentage of elongate was 24.10%, 27.23% and 30.25% in Daxing'an Mountains, Songnen Grassland and Changbai Mountains, respectively. The percentage of bilobate(5.37%) and papillae(0.01%) was the smallest in Changbai Mountains and in Songnen Grassland, respectively. However, the percentage of tabular and pteridophyte-type in Daxing'an Mountains, Songnen Grassland, Changbai Mountains were 6.46%, 6.34%, 11.57% and 0.08%, 0.03%, 0.43%. Furthermore, the analysis of variance results showed that the percentage of elongate, bilobate, papillae, tabular and pteridophyte-type existed significant different among Daxing'an Mountains, Songnen Grassland and Changbai Mountains. Besides, there were extremely significant positive correlations between the percentages of elongate, pteridophyte-type, papillae and the annual precipitation, and the percentage of bilobate was extremely negative correlated with the annual precipitation. Overall, the phytolith morphotypes in the 70 topsoil samples that collected along the isotherm of 4℃ in Northeast China were the same, but the percentages of different types of phytolith among the samples were different. This indicated that the responses of phytolith assemblages in the topsoil samples in Northeast China were sensitive to the annual precipitation. |
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| Keywords: | phytolith isotherm environmental sense Northeast China |
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