| 彬长矿区“井上下”立体防治冲击地压新模式 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴学明,马小辉,吕大钊,郑凯歌,王东杰. 彬长矿区“井上下”立体防治冲击地压新模式[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2023, 51(3): 19-26. DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.22.08.0640 |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴学明 马小辉 吕大钊 郑凯歌 王东杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.陕西彬长矿业集团有限公司，陕西 咸阳 712000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(51874231)；陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020KJXX-006)；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划企业联合基金(2019JLZ-04) |
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| 摘 要： | 随着煤矿开采强度的不断增大，矿井逐渐向深部转移，冲击地压灾害日益严峻。而深部冲击地压矿井往往存在一层或多层坚硬厚岩层，这些坚硬顶板厚度较大，整体性强，突然断裂时会释放大量弹性能，易引发冲击地压事故，严重制约矿井安全生产。以陕西彬长矿区孟村矿为例，针对矿区内煤层埋藏深、普遍存在多种坚硬厚岩层的特殊情况，提出针对性治理措施：对顶板上方0～80 m范围内厚度超过10 m的坚硬厚岩层进行破断、弱化处理，对煤层上方0～30 m范围的低位岩层采取顶板深孔爆破预裂措施，对煤层上方30～60 m范围内的中位坚硬岩层采取顶板定向长钻孔水力压裂措施，对煤层60 m以上高位坚硬岩层采取地面水平井分段压裂措施；使高、中、低位顶板产生的裂缝在垂向上实现贯穿，将顶板“切割”成相对规则的“块状”结构，使上覆岩层应力由“硬传递”转化为“软传递”；并结合煤层大直径孔卸压、煤层爆破等煤层卸压措施，形成了区域与局部相结合、煤层与岩层全覆盖的“井上下”立体防治模式。工程实践证明：采用“井上下”立体防治模式后，工作面103 J以上微震事件降低88%，周期来压强度降低23%，来压持续时间缩短61%，防冲效果良好。该技术模式的成功...
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| 关 键 词： | 冲击地压 “井上下”立体防治 分段压裂 定向长钻孔 水力压裂 煤层卸压 煤岩强度弱化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-08-23 |
A new model of surface and underground integrated three-dimensional prevention and control of rock burst in Binchang Mining Area |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Shaanxi Binchang Mining Group Co., Ltd., Xianyang 712000, China2.Binchang Mining Area Disaster Comprehensive Control Engineering Research Center, Xianyang 713602, China3.Shaanxi Binchang Mengcun Mining Co., Ltd., Xianyang 713600, China4.CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China |
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| Abstract: | With the continuous increase of coal mining intensity, the mine gradually moves to the deep, bringing about increasingly serious rock burst hazard. The deep rock burst mines often have one or more layers of hard and thick rock strata. These hard roofs are thick and strong integrity. When they suddenly rupture, they can release a large amount of elastic energies, which can easily to cause rock burst accidents and seriously restrict the safety of mine production. Herein, appropriate treatment measures were put forward for the special situation of deep burial depth of coal seam and general presence of many kinds of hard and thick rock strata in Mengcun Coal Mine in Binchang Mining Area, Shaanxi Province. These measure include: (1) Breaking and weakening treatment should be provided for the hard and thick rock strata with a thickness over 10 m within the range of 0?80 m above the roof. (2) The roof deep-hole pre-split blasting measure should be taken for the low-level rock strata within the range of 0?30 m above the coal seam. (3) The roof directional long-borehole hydraulic fracturing should be conducted to the middle-level hard rock strata within the range of 30?60 m above the coal seam, and the staged fracturing of surface horizontal well should be performed for the high-level hard rock strata over 60 m above the coal seam. In this way, the fractures generated in the high, middle and low-level roof can be penetrated vertically, and thus the roof can be “cut” into a relatively regular “block” structure, so that the stress in the overlying strata can be transformed from “hard transmission” to “soft transmission”. Meanwhile, combined with the coal seam pressure relief measures such as large-diameter pressure relief and coal seam blasting, a surface and underground integrated three-dimensional prevention and control mode is formed, which integrates the regional and local areas, having the coal seam and rock stratum fully covered. The engineering practice has proved that: after the implementation of the 3D prevention and control mode, the microseismic events above 103 J in the regional working face are reduced by 88%, the periodic weighting intensity is reduced by 23%, the weighting duration is shortened by 61%, and the anti-scour effect is good. Generally, the successful application of this technical model could provide a reference for the treatment of rock burst mine disasters under similar geological conditions. |
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