火山通道岩浆流动动力学模型在天池火山喷发过程中的应用

魏海泉 Melnik O 刘永顺 Barmin A Sparks RSJ

火山通道岩浆流动动力学模型在天池火山喷发过程中的应用

魏海泉 Melnik O 刘永顺 Barmin A Sparks RSJ

- [1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [2]莫斯科国立大学力学研究所,莫斯科117192 [3]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100037 [4]英国布里斯托尔大学地球科学系,布里斯托尔BS8 1 RJ
基金项目:
本项目得到了自然科学基金项目（40172033）、科技部火山预警项目（2002DIA20009-20）以及人事部优秀回国人员基金的经费支持. 致谢本文系多年来中外作者合作研究天池火山的成果之一,研究过程中得到了国家自然科学基金,科技部攻关项目与火山预警项目的支持.野外工作得到了吉林省地震局、吉林省地矿局有关领导与同事的大力支持.特别要感谢的是吉林省地震局郑雅琴局长、吉林省地矿局金伯禄高工的大力支持与合作.

收稿日期: 2005-10-16

修回日期: 2006-11-20

刊出日期: 2006-12-31

Conduit modeling of magma flow dynamics: a case study on the eruptive process at the Tianchi volcano

WEI HaiQuan, Melnik O, LIU YongShun, Barmin A, Sparks RSJ

- 1. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beifing 100029, China ;2. Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, Moscow 117192, Russian; 3. College of Resources, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China ;4. Department of Earth Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK

Received Date: 16 October 2005

Revised Date: 20 November 2006

Publish Date: 31 December 2006

摘要

摘要: 在圆柱形火山通道的下部，岩浆上升速度与岩浆粘度、密度及压力有关。这时的流体动力学过程可以应用一般的牛顿流体模型。火山通道中部气泡化岩浆上升时，液相和气相的转化符合质量守恒方程，混合相总体符合动量守恒方程。其中气泡形成与生长过程符合达西定律与数密度方程。在火山通道靠上部的碎屑化带里，不同组分符合质量守恒方程，混合相总体符合动量守恒方程。天池火山千年大喷发时，通道直径是62m。岩浆房内的岩浆舍有约3％体积百分数的气泡，气泡体积在65％时岩浆破碎，颗粒离开通道时的速度是145ms^-1，而气体离开通道时的速度是170ms^-1。气体颗粒分散相出口压力是12．2MPa。在破火山口塌陷之前，岩浆房内气泡体积可高达30％-40％。与此同时，碎屑化发生时岩浆的孔隙度也增加到70％-75％左右。这时的出口压力降低至7—8MPa，出口气体速度增加到180ms^-1。气象站碱流质寄生火山喷发对应的喷发通道直径是40m，喷发以气体出口速度15-25ms^-1的弱爆破性喷发和侵出式喷发为特征。这时浮岩的孔隙度比千年大喷发的孔隙度低，为48％～61％，而浮岩密度高，为1．01～1．35gcm^-3。在侵出相喷发时最高释放率可以达到42m^3s^-1（致密岩石当量DRE），孔隙度变化范围是70％-80％。
- 火山通道动力学模型 /
- 千年大喷发 /
- 寄生火山活动 /
- 天池火山
- Conduit dynamic modeling /
- Millennium eruption /
- Parasitic eruption /
- Tianchi volcano

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火山通道岩浆流动动力学模型在天池火山喷发过程中的应用

Conduit modeling of magma flow dynamics: a case study on the eruptive process at the Tianchi volcano

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