| 热液矿床超大比例尺构造-蚀变-矿化填图:基本原理与注意事项 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑义. 热液矿床超大比例尺构造-蚀变-矿化填图:基本原理与注意事项[J]. 地球科学, 2022, 47(10): 3603-3615. DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.295 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑义 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山大学地球科学与工程学院,广东广州 510275;广东省地质过程与矿产资源探查重点实验室,广东广州 510275;广东省地球动力与地质灾害重点实验室,广东广州 510275;南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室,广东珠海 519000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目2021YFC2900300国家自然科学基金委优秀青年基金项目42022020 |
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| 摘 要： | 热液矿床超大比例尺填图是指1∶1 000以及更大比例尺的填图，主要用来记录矿区内露头、平硐、钻孔和手标本上等肉眼可直接观察到的各类地质现象.热液矿床超大比例尺填图的目的是查明成矿作用的地质特征、空间分布和时间演化，对于准确判断热液矿床的成因类型和成矿过程，以及圈定矿体和布置勘探工程等实践活动具有重要意义.在实际工作中，初学者由于对热液矿床的复杂现象不知如何下手，对于“填什么”和“如何填”等问题不甚清楚.鉴于此，(1)从基本原理出发，重点阐述了热液矿床构造、流体、蚀变和矿化形成过程，提出“成矿流体+新鲜围岩→围岩蚀变+矿石”这一热液矿床形成的通用性公式，并提出“构造→骨骼”和“蚀变→血肉”的类比；(2)重点介绍了热液矿床超大比例尺填图过程中一些长期被忽略的问题，如，成矿环境判别、成矿流体通道与圈闭、热液充填与交代成矿作用以及脉体穿插与成矿期次判别等.同时，对这些地质现象背后隐藏的成因启示做了重点阐释.
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| 关 键 词： | 热液矿床 超大比例尺填图 构造-蚀变-矿化 流体通道与圈闭 充填交代作用 脉体 矿床学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-06-30 |
Large-Scaled Structure-Alteration-Mineralization Mapping of the Hydrothermal Deposits: Basic Principle and Precautions |
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| Abstract: | Large-scale mapping of the hydrothermal deposits refers to the geological mapping with the scales of 1∶1 000 and the larger scales, which is mainly used to record various geological phenomena that can be directly observed with the naked eye, such as outcrops, flat tunnels, boreholes and hand specimens in the mining area. The purpose of large-scale mapping is to identify the metallogenic characteristics, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the hydrothermal deposits, which are useful for accurately constraining the genetic type and metallogenic process of hydrothermal deposits, as well as assisting further prospecting and exploration. In the field survey, the beginners do not know how to describe and record the complex phenomena of the hydrothermal deposits, and they are also not very clear about what to fill and how to map. To address these issues, we try to weaken the genetic type of the ore deposit from the basic principle, focusing on the formation process of the structure, fluid, alteration and mineralization of the hydrothermal deposit, and propose "ore-forming fluid + fresh wall rock → wall rock alteration + ore" as a universal formula for the formation of hydrothermal deposits, and puts forward the analogies of "structure → skeleton" and "alteration → flesh". In addition, we focus on some long-ignored aspects in the process of large-scale mapping of hydrothermal deposits, such as identification of metallogenic environment, ore-forming fluid channels and traps, hydrothermal filling and metasomatism, and identification of vein cross-cutting, etc. Furthermore, we eventual focus is on explaining the hidden genetic inspiration behind these geological phenomena. |
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