The formation of mineral inclusions in accessory minerals from Qongjiagang pegmatite-type Li deposit and the implications to melt-fluid characteristics
-
摘要:
西藏琼嘉岗伟晶岩型锂矿是喜马拉雅地区发现的首例具有工业价值的伟晶岩型锂矿床, 该矿床的发现证实了喜马拉雅地区具有成为我国稀有金属战略基地的潜力, 也为喜马拉雅地区寻找伟晶岩型锂矿床提供了指示意义。本研究主要针对琼嘉岗锂矿花岗岩和伟晶岩中三种主要副矿物独居石、磷灰石和锆石中的矿物包裹体进行扫描电镜分析, 确定矿物包裹体种类、频率以及产状(与裂隙关系), 结合磷灰石中长石包裹体电子探针分析, 综合指示琼嘉岗锂矿熔-流体性质及演化过程。研究表明: (1)琼嘉岗锂矿独居石、磷灰石和锆石中主要发育硅酸盐、氧化物、磷酸盐以及少量硫化物包裹体, 其中填充裂隙和穿切裂隙的富稀土矿物独居石和磷灰石包裹体均由热液蚀变形成, 而锆石放射性损伤强烈的区域中发育的远离裂隙的晶质铀矿和方钍石包裹体的形成也和流体作用相关; (2)电气石白云母花岗岩的磷灰石中发育钶钽铁矿以及烧绿石包裹体表明早期花岗岩岩浆富集铌和钽, 稀有金属包裹体的数量以及类型也对高演化的花岗岩和伟晶岩是否具有稀有金属成矿潜力以及矿化类型具有一定指示意义; (3)锂辉石伟晶岩磷灰石中发育异常高且变化大的An值的斜长石包裹体, 它们分别记录了磷灰石在结晶时对早期富钙熔体的捕获以及熔体的分异过程。本文的研究结果还表明副矿物中矿物包裹体的种类以及元素组成可以为高演化花岗岩-伟晶岩体系的熔-流体特征及演化提供指示意义。
Abstract:Qongjiagang pegmatite-type Li deposit in Tibet is the first discovered pegmatite-type deposit with economic value in the Himalayan region, which confirms that the Himalayan region has the potential to become a strategic base of rare metal in China, and provide indications to find pegmatite-type Li deposit in the Himalayan region. In this study, we use SEM to identify the type, frequency and occurrence (relationship with cracks) of mineral inclusions in the three main accessory minerals, monazite, apatite and zircon from granite and pegmatite of Qongjiagang Li deposit, combining with the EPMA analysis of feldspar inclusions in apatite to comprehensively trace the property and evolution of the melts and fluids. Our study indicates that: (1) the main mineral inclusions in monazite, apatite and zircon from Qongjiagang Li deposit include silicate, oxide, phosphates and a small amount of sulfide, not only the REE-rich monazite and apatite filling or intersecting cracks are formed by hydrothermal alteration, but also the uraninite and thorianite isolated from cracks occur in the self-irradiation region of zircon are related to fluids; (2) the appearances of columbite and pyrochlore inclusions in the apatite from tourmaline-muscovite granite demonstrate that the initial melt is enriched in Nb and Ta, the amount and type of rare metal mineral inclusions can be used as an indicator for rare metal mineralization in highly evolved granite and pegmatite; (3) the plagioclase inclusions with high and a large range of An values in apatite from spodumene pegmatite represent the capture of less-differentiated melt and continuously fractional crystallization. Our results indicate that the types and compositions of mineral inclusions in accessory minerals can be good tracers for the characteristics and evolution of melts and fluids in the highly evolved granite-pegmatite system.
-
-
图 1
喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩分布图(据刘志超等, 2020)
Figure 1.
Distributions of Himalayan leucogranites (modified after Liu et al., 2020)
图 2
琼嘉岗伟晶岩型锂矿地质简图(据秦克章等, 2021; 赵俊兴等, 2021)
Figure 2.
Simplified geological map of Qongjiagang pegmatite-type Li deposit (modified after Qin et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2021)
图 3
琼嘉岗锂矿独居石中矿物包裹体BSE图像
Figure 3.
BSE images of mineral inclusions in monazite from Qongjiagang Li deposit
图 4
琼嘉岗锂矿磷灰石中矿物包裹体BSE图像
Figure 4.
BSE images of mineral inclusions in apatite from Qongjiagang Li deposit
图 5
琼嘉岗锂矿锆石中矿物包裹体BSE图像
Figure 5.
BSE images of mineral inclusions in zircon from Qongjiagang Li deposit
图 6
琼嘉岗锂矿锂辉石伟晶岩磷灰石中稀有金属包裹体钶钽铁矿(a)和绿柱石(b)能谱图
Figure 6.
Energy spectrum of rare metal mineral inclusions columbite (a) and beryl (b) in apatite from spodumene pegmatite of Qiongjiagang Li deposit
图 7
琼嘉岗锂矿独居石中矿物包裹体频数直方图
Figure 7.
Frequency histograms of mineral inclusions in monazite from Qongjiagang Li deposit
图 8
琼嘉岗锂矿岩磷灰石中矿物包裹体频数分布直方图
Figure 8.
Frequency histograms of mineral inclusions in apatite from Qongjiagang Li deposit
图 9
琼嘉岗锂矿锆石中矿物包裹体频数分布直方图
Figure 9.
Frequency histograms of mineral inclusions in zircon from Qongjiagang Li deposit
图 10
琼嘉岗锂矿磷灰石中长石包裹体An-Ab-Or三元图解
Figure 10.
An-Ab-Or ternary diagram of feldspar inclusions in apatite from Qongjiagang Li deposit
表 1
琼嘉岗锂矿锂辉石伟晶岩磷灰石中长石包裹体电子探针分析结果(wt%)
Table 1.
Electron microprobe analysis results (wt%) of feldspar inclusions in apatite from spodumene pegmatite of Qongjiagang Li deposit
测点号 126-2-17 10-9-22 10-9-27 06-1(1)-2 10-1-2 10-1-3 16-2-1 16-2-2 16-2-4 16-2-7 16-2-11 16-2-16 16-3-1 16-4-2-1 16-4-2-2 16-4-3 16-4-5 16-4-12 16-8-5 16-8-8 16-8-9 3-9-1-4 3-9-1-6 岩性 电气石白云母花岗岩 无矿伟晶岩 锂辉石伟晶岩 二云母花岗岩 SiO2 62.6 61.3 62.4 65.2 60.7 60.2 57.5 58.3 59.0 54.0 59.5 58.6 57.0 59.2 58.9 57.2 64.6 60.3 62.7 58.5 58.2 57.0 71.9 TiO2 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.27 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 Al2O3 18.7 16.3 18.4 15.2 18.5 17.5 20.9 20.5 20.2 19.6 21.5 21.6 18.1 18.3 17.6 15.9 18.6 19.1 18.7 16.7 16.2 16.6 14.0 FeO 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.56 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.17 MnO 0.09 0.13 0.20 0.47 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.03 MgO 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 CaO 4.34 3.58 5.51 3.25 6.57 6.58 9.10 7.64 7.68 10.9 7.09 7.92 7.78 7.70 8.26 6.87 3.35 5.88 5.39 7.77 5.85 4.38 3.90 Na2O 10.6 0.39 7.46 3.71 9.24 9.54 7.92 8.72 9.01 8.08 8.80 8.38 10.0 9.25 9.11 0.42 10.9 9.66 9.96 9.76 2.36 0.75 5.24 K2O 0.13 10.0 0.10 2.59 0.34 1.50 0.41 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.31 0.23 0.12 0.24 0.30 12.8 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.23 9.89 15.0 0.54 BaO 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.03 Rb2O 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.47 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.00 P2O5 3.50 3.41 4.56 3.05 4.77 4.98 3.75 4.19 3.83 6.29 2.15 3.13 4.37 5.39 5.85 5.51 2.45 4.45 3.76 7.11 5.87 4.09 3.61 SrO 0.26 0.19 0.23 0.21 0.27 0.15 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.34 0.31 0.21 0.20 0.23 0.16 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.28 Total 100.2 95.6 99.0 94.4 100.4 100.6 99.9 100.0 100.3 99.5 99.8 100.3 97.7 100.6 100.4 99.5 100.4 99.8 101.2 100.5 99.0 98.3 99.8 校正CaO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.03 4.16 2.13 2.64 2.63 4.26 3.80 2.03 0.59 0.56 0.00 0.12 0.02 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 校正P2O5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 校正后Total 92.4 88.6 89.0 88.1 89.4 89.1 91.2 90.2 91.4 84.9 94.8 93.0 87.6 88.1 86.8 87.2 94.7 89.5 92.5 85.6 87.3 89.8 92.3 均一到100% SiO2 67.8 69.2 70.1 74.0 67.9 67.6 63.0 64.6 64.6 63.6 62.8 63.0 65.1 67.1 67.8 65.6 68.2 67.3 67.8 68.4 66.6 63.5 77.9 TiO2 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.31 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 Al2O3 20.2 18.3 20.7 17.2 20.7 19.7 22.9 22.7 22.1 23.1 22.7 23.2 20.7 20.8 20.2 18.3 19.6 21.3 20.2 19.6 18.6 18.5 15.2 FeO 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.63 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.19 MnO 0.10 0.14 0.23 0.54 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.04 MgO 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 CaO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.03 4.56 2.36 2.89 3.09 4.49 4.08 2.32 0.67 0.65 0.00 0.13 0.02 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na2O 11.4 0.44 8.39 4.21 10.3 10.7 8.69 9.66 9.86 9.51 9.28 9.01 11.4 10.5 10.5 0.48 11.5 10.8 10.8 11.4 2.70 0.83 5.68 K2O 0.14 11.3 0.11 2.94 0.38 1.68 0.45 0.35 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.25 0.14 0.28 0.34 14.7 0.16 0.17 0.27 0.27 11.3 16.8 0.59 BaO 0.03 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.11 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.03 Rb2O 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.54 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.45 0.02 0.00 P2O5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SrO 0.28 0.21 0.26 0.24 0.30 0.17 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.28 0.36 0.33 0.24 0.23 0.26 0.18 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.21 0.24 0.30 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Ab 98.6 3.38 98.6 56.1 93.3 84.8 64.0 78.4 76.1 74.1 66.4 68.2 82.7 91.7 91.2 2.82 97.4 98.1 93.5 97.4 17.6 4.25 89.6 Or 1.39 96.6 1.43 43.9 3.88 14.9 3.68 3.15 2.43 2.63 2.59 2.07 1.13 2.70 3.35 97.2 1.54 1.69 2.62 2.57 82.4 95.8 10.4 An 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.82 0.27 32.3 18.4 21.5 23.2 31.0 29.7 16.2 5.64 5.42 0.00 1.03 0.22 3.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
下载: 导出CSV
-
Arculus RJ and Wills KJA. 1980. The petrology of plutonic blocks and inclusions from the Lesser Antilles island arc. Journal of Petrology, 21(4): 743-799 doi: 10.1093/petrology/21.4.743
Barros R, Kaeter D, Menuge JF and Škoda R. 2020. Controls on chemical evolution and rare element enrichment in crystallising albite-spodumene pegmatite and wallrocks: Constraints from mineral chemistry. Lithos, 352-353: 105289 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105289
Beard JS and Borgia A. 1989. Temporal variation of mineralogy and petrology in cognate gabbroic enclaves at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 103(1): 110-122 doi: 10.1007/BF00371368
Bell EA, Boehnke P, Hopkins-Wielicki MD and Harrison TM. 2015. Distinguishing primary and secondary inclusion assemblages in Jack Hills zircons. Lithos, 234-235: 15-26 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2015.07.014
Bell EA. 2016. Preservation of primary mineral inclusions and secondary mineralization in igneous zircon: A case study in orthogneiss from the Blue Ridge, Virginia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 171(3): 26 doi: 10.1007/s00410-016-1236-x
Brophy JG. 1986. The Cold Bay Volcanic center, aleutian volcanic arc: Ⅰ. Implications for the origin of hi-alumina arc basalt. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 93(3): 368-380 doi: 10.1007/BF00389395
Darling J, Storey C and Hawkesworth C. 2009. Impact melt sheet zircons and their implications for the Hadean crust. Geology, 37(10): 927-930 doi: 10.1130/G30251A.1
Dostal J and Chatterjee AK. 2000. Contrasting behaviour of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios in a peraluminous granitic pluton (Nova Scotia, Canada). Chemical Geology, 163(1-4): 207-218 doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00113-8
Evensen JM and London D. 2002. Experimental silicate mineral/melt partition coefficients for beryllium and the crustal Be cycle from migmatite to pegmatite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(12): 2239-2265 doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00889-X
Geisler T, Schaltegger U and Tomaschek F. 2007. Re-equilibration of zircon in aqueous fluids and melts. Elements, 3(1): 43-50 doi: 10.2113/gselements.3.1.43
Harlov DE. 2015. Apatite: A fingerprint for metasomatic processes. Elements, 11(3): 171-176 doi: 10.2113/gselements.11.3.171
Harrison TM, Grove M, Lovera OM and Catlos EJ. 1998. A model for the origin of Himalayan anatexis and inverted metamorphism. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 103(B11): 27017-27032 doi: 10.1029/98JB02468
Harrison TM and Schmitt AK. 2007. High sensitivity mapping of Ti distributions in Hadean zircons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261(1-2): 9-19 doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.016
Hay DC and Dempster TJ. 2009. Zircon behaviour during low-temperature metamorphism. Journal of Petrology, 50(4): 571-589 doi: 10.1093/petrology/egp011
He CT, Qin KZ, Li JX, Zhou QF, Zhao JX and Li GM. 2020. Preliminary study on occurrence status of beryllium and genetic mechanism in Cuonadong tungsten-tin-beryllium deposit, eastern Himalaya. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 36(12): 3593-3606 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2020.12.03
Hopkins M, Harrison TM and Manning CE. 2008. Low heat flow inferred from> 4Gyr zircons suggests Hadean plate boundary interactions. Nature, 456(7221): 493-496 doi: 10.1038/nature07465
Jennings ES, Marschall HR, Hawkesworth CJ and Storey CD. 2011. Characterization of magma from inclusions in zircon: Apatite and biotite work well, feldspar less so. Geology, 39(9): 863-866 doi: 10.1130/G32037.1
Kendall-Langley LA, Kemp AIS, Hawkesworth CJ, EIMF and Roberts MP. 2021. Quantifying F and Cl concentrations in granitic melts from apatite inclusions in zircon. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 176(7): 58 doi: 10.1007/s00410-021-01813-5
Knoll T, Schuster R, Huet B, Mali H, Onuk P, Horschinegg M, Ertl A and Giester G. 2018. Spodumene pegmatites and related leucogranites from the Austroalpine Unit (eastern Alps, central Europe): Field relations, petrography, geochemistry, and geochronology. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(4): 489-528 doi: 10.3749/canmin.1700092
Le Fort P, Cuney M, Deniel C, France-Lanord C, Sheppard SMF, Upreti BN and Vidal P. 1987. Crustal generation of the Himalayan leucogranites. Tectonophysics, 134(1-3): 39-57 doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90248-4
Li GM, Zhang LK, Jiao YJ, Xia XB, Dong SL, Fu JG, Liang W, Zhang Z, Wu JY, Dong L and Huang Y. 2017. First discovery and implications of Cuonadong superlarge Be-W-Sn polymetallic deposit in Himalayan metallogenic belt, southern Tibet. Mineral Deposits, 36(4): 1003-1008 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li QL. 2016. "High-U effect" during SIMS zircon U-Pb dating. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 35(3): 405-412 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2016.03.001
Linnen RL and Cuney M. 2005. Granite-related rare-element deposits and experimental constraints on Ta-Nb-W-Sn-Zr-Hf mineralization. In: Linnen RL and Samson IM (eds. ). Rare-Element Geochemistry and Mineral Deposits. Geological Association of Canada, 45-68
Liu C, Wang RC, Wu FY, Xie L, Liu XC, Li XK, Yang L and Li XJ. 2020. Spodumene pegmatites from the Pusila pluton in the higher Himalaya, South Tibet: Lithium mineralization in a highly fractionated leucogranite batholith. Lithos, 358-359: 105421 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105421
Liu C, Wang RC, Wu FY, Xie L and Liu XC. 2021. Lithium mineralization in Qomolangma: First report of elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatite in the Himalaya leucogranite belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 37(11): 3287-3294 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.03
Liu XC, Wu FY, Wang RC, Liu ZC, Wang JM, Liu C, Hu FY, Yang L and He SX. 2021. Discovery of spodumene-bearing pegmatites from Ra Chu in the Mount Qomolangma region and its implications for studying rare-metal mineralization in the Himalayan orogen. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 37(11): 3295-3304(in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.04
Liu YC, Qin KZ, Zhao JX, Zhou QF, Shi RZ, He CT and Gao YY. 2023. Feldspar traces mineralization processes in the Qongjiagang giant lithium ore district, Himalaya, Tibet. Ore Geology Reviews, 157: 105451 doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105451
Liu ZC, Wu FY, Ji WQ, Wang JG and Liu CZ. 2014. Petrogenesis of the Ramba leucogranite in the Tethyan Himalaya and constraints on the channel flow model. Lithos, 208-209: 118-136 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.08.022
Liu ZC, Wu FY, Ding L, Liu XC, Wang JG and Ji WQ. 2016. Highly fractionated Late Eocene (~35Ma) leucogranite in the Xiaru Dome, Tethyan Himalaya, South Tibet. Lithos, 240-243: 337-354 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2015.11.026
Liu ZC, Wu FY, Liu XC and Wang JG. 2020. The mechanisms of fractional crystallization for the Himalayan leucogranites. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 36(12): 3551-3571 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2020.12.01
London D, Morgan GB and Hervig RL. 1989. Vapor-undersaturated experiments with Macusani glass+H2O at 200MPa, and the internal differentiation of granitic pegmatites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 102(1): 1-17 doi: 10.1007/BF01160186
Maas R, Kinny PD, Williams IS, Froude DO and Compston W. 1992. The Earth's oldest known crust: A geochronological and geochemical study of 3900~4200Ma old detrital zircons from Mt. Narryer and Jack Hills, western Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56(3): 1281-1300
Maneta V and Baker DR. 2014. Exploring the effect of lithium on pegmatitic textures: An experimental study. American Mineralogist, 99(7): 1383-1403 doi: 10.2138/am.2014.4556
Merino E, Villaseca C, Orejana D and Jeffries T. 2013. Gahnite, chrysoberyl and beryl co-occurrence as accessory minerals in a highly evolved peraluminous pluton: The Belvís de Monroy leucogranite (Cáceres, Spain). Lithos, 179: 137-156 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2013.08.004
Michaud JAS and Pichavant M. 2020. Magmatic fractionation and the magmatic-hydrothermal transition in rare metal granites: Evidence from Argemela (Central Portugal). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 289: 130-157 doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.08.022
Panjasawatwong Y, Danyushevsky LV, Crawford AJ and Harris KL. 1995. An experimental study of the effects of melt composition on plagioclase-melt equilibria at 5 and 10 kbar: Implications for the origin of magmatic high-An plagioclase. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 118(4): 420-432 doi: 10.1007/s004100050024
Qin KZ, Zhao JX, He CT and Shi RZ. 2021. Discovery of the Qongjiagang giant lithium pegmatite deposit in Himalaya, Tibet, China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 37(11): 3277-3286 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.02
Soman A, Geisler T, Tomaschek F, Grange M and Berndt J. 2010. Alteration of crystalline zircon solid solutions: A case study on zircon from an alkaline pegmatite from Zomba-Malosa, Malawi. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 160(6): 909-930 doi: 10.1007/s00410-010-0514-2
Thomas R, Webster JD and Davidson P. 2006. Understanding pegmatite formation: The melt and fluid inclusion approach. In: Webster JD (ed. ). Melt Inclusions in Plutonic Rocks. Mineralogical Association of Canada, 189-210
Trail D, Mojzsis SJ, Harrison TM, Schmitt AK, Watson EB and Young ED. 2007. Constraints on Hadean zircon protoliths from oxygen isotopes, Ti-thermometry, and rare earth elements. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 8(6): Q06014
Wang JM, Zhang JJ and Wang XX. 2013. Structural kinematics, metamorphic P-T profiles and zircon geochronology across the Greater Himalayan Crystalline Complex in south-central Tibet: Implication for a revised channel flow. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 31(6): 607-628 doi: 10.1111/jmg.12036
Wang RC, Wu FY, Xie L, Liu XC, Wang JM, Yang L, Lai W and Liu C. 2017. A preliminary study of rare-metal mineralization in the Himalayan leucogranite belts, South Tibet. Science China (Earth Sciences), 60(9): 1655-1663 doi: 10.1007/s11430-017-9075-8
Wu FY, Liu ZC, Liu XC and Ji WQ. 2015. Himalayan leucogranite: Petrogenesis and implications to orogenesis and plateau uplift. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 31(1): 1-36 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu FY, Liu XC, Liu ZC, Wang RC, Xie L, Wang JM, Ji WQ, Yang L, Liu C, Khanal GP and He SX. 2020. Highly fractionated Himalayan leucogranites and associated rare-metal mineralization. Lithos, 352-353: 105319 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105319
Yang L, Liu XC, Wang JM and Wu FY. 2019. Is Himalayan leucogranite a product by in situ partial melting of the Greater Himalayan Crystalline? A comparative study of leucosome and leucogranite from Nyalam, southern Tibet. Lithos, 342-343: 542-556 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.06.007
Zhang L, Jiang SY, Romer RL and Su HM. 2023. Relative importance of magmatic and hydrothermal processes for economic Nb-Ta-W-Sn mineralization in a peraluminous granite system: The Zhaojinggou rare-metal deposit, northern China. GSA Bulletin, 135(9-10): 2529-2553
Zhao JX, He CT, Qin KZ, Shi RZ, Liu XC, Hu FY, Yu KL and Sun ZH. 2021. Geochronology, source features and the characteristics of fractional crystallization in pegmatite at the Qongjiagang giant pegmatite-type lithium deposit, Himalaya, Tibet. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 37(11): 3325-3347 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.06
Zhou QF, Qin KZ, He CT, Wu HY, Liu YC, Niu XL, Mo LC, Liu XC and Zhao JX. 2021. Li-Be-Nb-Ta mineralogy of the Kuqu leucogranite and pegmatite in the Eastern Himalaya, Tibet, and its implication. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 37(11): 3305-3324 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.05
何畅通, 秦克章, 李金祥, 周起凤, 赵俊兴, 李光明. 2020. 喜马拉雅东段错那洞钨-锡-铍矿床中铍的赋存状态及成因机制初探. 岩石学报, 36(12): 3593-3606 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/doi/10.18654/1000-0569/2020.12.03
李光明, 张林奎, 焦彦杰, 夏祥标, 董随亮, 付建刚, 梁维, 张志, 吴建阳, 董磊, 黄勇. 2017. 西藏喜马拉雅成矿带错那洞超大型铍锡钨多金属矿床的发现及意义. 矿床地质, 36(4): 1003-1008
李秋立. 2016. 离子探针锆石U-Pb定年的"高U效应". 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 35(3): 405-412 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2016.03.001
刘晨, 王汝成, 吴福元, 谢磊, 刘小驰. 2021. 珠峰地区锂成矿作用: 喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带首个锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩. 岩石学报, 37(11): 3287-3294 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/doi/10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.03
刘小驰, 吴福元, 王汝成, 刘志超, 王佳敏, 刘晨, 胡方泱, 杨雷, 何少雄. 2021. 珠峰地区热曲锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及对喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿作用研究的启示. 岩石学报, 37(11): 3295-3304 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/doi/10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.04
刘志超, 吴福元, 刘小驰, 王建刚. 2020. 喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩结晶分异机制概述. 岩石学报, 36(12): 3551-3571 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/doi/10.18654/1000-0569/2020.12.01
秦克章, 赵俊兴, 何畅通, 施睿哲. 2021. 喜马拉雅琼嘉岗超大型伟晶岩型锂矿的发现及意义. 岩石学报, 37(11): 3277-3286 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/doi/10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.02
王汝成, 吴福元, 谢磊, 刘小驰, 王佳敏, 杨雷, 赖文, 刘晨. 2017. 藏南喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩稀有金属成矿作用初步研究. 中国科学(地球科学), 47(8): 871-880
吴福元, 刘志超, 刘小驰, 纪伟强. 2015. 喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩. 岩石学报, 31(1): 1-36 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/id/aps_20150101
赵俊兴, 何畅通, 秦克章, 施睿哲, 刘小驰, 胡方泱, 余可龙, 孙政浩. 2021. 喜马拉雅琼嘉岗超大型伟晶岩锂矿的形成时代, 源区特征及分异特征. 岩石学报, 37(11): 3325-3347 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/doi/10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.06
周起凤, 秦克章, 何畅通, 吴华英, 刘宇超, 牛向龙, 莫凌超, 刘小驰, 赵俊兴. 2021. 喜马拉雅东段库曲岩体锂、铍和铌钽稀有金属矿物研究及指示意义. 岩石学报, 37(11): 3305-3324 http://www.ysxb.ac.cn/article/doi/10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.05
-
图(10)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数:
- PDF下载数:
- 施引文献: 0