| 基于14C数据重建中亚地区全新世人类活动的时空演化过程 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭晓娜, 许冰, 张俊杰, 李龙康. 基于14C数据重建中亚地区全新世人类活动的时空演化过程[J]. 第四纪研究, 2023, 43(5): 1364-1382. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2023.05.16 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭晓娜 许冰 张俊杰 李龙康 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 中国科学院新生代地质与环境院重点实验室, 北京 100029; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 第三次新疆综合科学考察项目"塔里木河流域关键区生态适宜性调查"（批准号：2022xjkk0300）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 中亚地区在早期人类演化、迁徙、文明演替与近现代东西方政治、经济、文化和技术交流中具有重要作用，然而由于相关历史记录的缺乏和考古研究的滞后，对于这一地区的人类活动历史一直缺乏系统认识；而研究中亚地区的人类活动特征，人口的变化是重要的参考指标。考古遗址的14C年代数据的相对密度与人类活动密切相关，成为指示古人口变化的可靠指标，被广泛应用于欧洲和东亚地区的古人口重建，为研究中亚地区古人口变化提供重要参考证据。近年来，中亚地区考古发掘工作获得了快速发展，积累了大量的考古年代学数据，为研究中亚地区古人口变化提供了契机。本研究首次对中亚地区的考古14C年代学数据进行了系统收集整理，编制中亚地区全新世以来的考古放射性碳数据库（n=1754），利用ArcGIS绘制时间分辨率为千年尺度的中亚地区考古遗址点分布图，使用14C数据的总和概率密度（Summed Probability Distribution）重建中亚地区古人口变化，系统地分析了中亚地区全新世以来的人类活动时空变化特征。结果表明，10 cal.ka B.P.以来中亚地区存在连续的人类活动，但存在显著的时空差异。在全新世早期，人类活动强度较弱，遗址数量非常少，且主要分布在塔里木盆地和少数山前区域；从5 cal.ka B.P.开始，遗址点数量和范围开始增加，人口数量也开始增加，在2.7 cal.ka B.P.达到峰值；从2.3 cal.ka B.P.开始，人类活动强度开始减弱，人口数量出现减少趋势。
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| 关 键 词： | 考古14C年代 人类活动 古人口变化 中亚地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023-04-28 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023-07-12 |
Reconstruct the temporal and spatial evolution of Holocene human activities in Central Asia based on 14C data |
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| GUO Xiaona, XU Bing, ZHANG Junjie, LI Longkang. Reconstruct the temporal and spatial evolution of Holocene human activities in Central Asia based on 14C data[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2023, 43(5): 1364-1382. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2023.05.16 |
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| Authors: | GUO Xiaona XU Bing ZHANG Junjie LI Longkang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 |
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| Abstract: | Ranging from 36°N to 54°N, 57°E to 99°E, Central Asia plays a significant role in early human evolution, migration, civilization succession, and modern political, economic, cultural, and technological exchanges between China and the West. However, inadequate attention was paid due to the lack of relevant historical records and the lag of archaeological research. To study the characteristics of human activities in Central Asia, population change is an important reference index. Moreover, the relative density of 14C age data from archaeological sites is closely related to human activities and has become a reliable indicator of ancient population changes, which has been widely applied in the reconstruction of ancient populations in Europe and East Asia. Therefore, 14C age data from archaeological sites provide vital reference evidence for the study of ancient population changes in Central Asia. Furthermore, archaeological research in Central Asia has witnessed rapid development in recent years, with which abundant archaeological 14C age data, thus providing an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient population in Central Asia. Herein we systematically compile an archaeological 14C database(n=1754) in Central Asia since the Holocene for the first time. Based on the archaeological sites with latitude and longitude and the 14C age data, we utilize the ArcGIS to draw the distribution map of archaeological sites in Central Asia with a time resolution of the millennium and adopt the Summed Probability Distribution(SPD) of 14C age data, to reconstruct the ancient population in Central Asia and systematically analyze the temporal and spatial changes of human activities in Central Asia since the Holocene. The results suggest that human activities have continuously existed in Central Asia since 10 cal.ka B.P., while there exist obvious spatial and temporal differences. In the Early Holocene, the intensity of human activities was weak, and the number of archaeological sites was tiny, which mainly distributed in the Tarim Basin and a few piedmont areas. From 5 cal.ka B.P., the number and the scope of sites began to increase, and the population began to increase, reaching a peak at 2.7 cal.ka B.P. Since 2.3 cal.ka B.P., the intensity of human activities began to weaken, and the population showed a decreasing trend. |
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| Keywords: | archaeological 14< sup>C age human activities ancient population change Central Asia |
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