西藏雅拉香波穹窿淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩矿物学特征: 对稀有金属成矿指示意义

赵俊兴; 何畅通; 施睿哲; 秦克章; 余可龙; 邱骏挺; 李真真; 周起凤

doi:10.18654/1000-0569/2022.07.11

西藏雅拉香波穹窿淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩矿物学特征: 对稀有金属成矿指示意义

- 1.
  中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室, 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029
- 2.
  中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049
- 3.
  遥感信息与图像分析技术国家级重点实验室, 核工业北京地质研究院, 北京 100029
- 4.
  防灾科技学院, 三河 065201
- 5.
  中国冶金地质总局矿产资源研究院, 北京 101300
基金项目:
本文受第二次青藏高原综合科学考察（2019QZKK0802）、中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目（IGGCAS-201902）、国家自然科学基金项目（92162323）、核工业北京地质研究院遥感信息与图像分析技术国家级重点实验室基金（6142A010104）、中国科学院重点部署项目（ZDRW-ZS-2020-4-1）和中国科学院青年创新促进会（2019070）联合资助

详细信息

作者简介:
赵俊兴, 男, 1984年生, 副研究员, 矿床学专业, E-mail: zhaojunxing@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: P578.953;P588.131

收稿日期: 2022-03-01

修回日期: 2022-04-30

刊出日期: 2022-07-01

Mineralogical characteristics of the leucogranite-pegmatite in the Yardoi Gneiss Dome, Himalaya, Tibet: Implication to the rare-metal mineralization

- 1.
  Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- 2.
  College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- 3.
  National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Remote Sensing Information and Image Analysis, Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
- 4.
  China Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China
- 5.
  Institute of Mineral Resources Research, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Beijing 101300, China

Received Date: 01 March 2022

Revised Date: 30 April 2022

Publish Date: 01 July 2022

摘要

摘要:
近年来提出喜马拉雅新生代淡色花岗岩高分异成因模式使得该带逐渐成为我国极具潜力的稀有金属战略远景区。目前，喜马拉雅北带金属组合类型以铍-铌-钽（锡-钨）组合为主，南带以锂-铍-铌-钽组合为主。本研究聚焦于喜马拉雅北带东段的雅拉香波穹窿内发现的含绿柱石伟晶岩，通过电子探针和激光剥蚀等离子质谱方法获得淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩中长石、云母、电气石和绿柱石的矿物结构和组成，综合判定雅拉香波淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩的岩浆演化分异程度及其稀有金属成矿潜力。研究获得如下结论：1）喜马拉雅东段雅拉香波花岗伟晶岩中稀有金属矿物主要为绿柱石，主要赋存在微斜长石-钠长石伟晶岩中；2）岩浆结晶分异作用控制了雅拉香波穹窿中淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩中矿物组成及其演化，其中白云母替代关系为Al₂□R_-3²⁺和Al₄Si_-3□_-1，电气石替代关系为MgFe_-1和^X□，Al（Na，R²⁺）_-1，绿柱石替代关系为Na（Fe²⁺，Mg）□_-1Al_-1；3）根据长石Cs含量和钾长石K/Rb值，白云母Li-B-Cs含量和K/Rb比值，黑电气石Ge-Pb含量，以及绿柱石Li-Cs含量和Cs/Na比值综合判断雅拉香波含绿柱石伟晶岩为简单铍矿化伟晶岩，其伟晶岩演化程度与典型Be-Nb-Ta矿化伟晶岩和复杂伟晶岩中Be矿化带相类似。
- 成矿作用 /
- 岩浆分异演化 /
- 矿物组成特征 /
- 伟晶岩 /
- 喜马拉雅
Abstract:
In recent years, it has been proposed that the model of the Himalayan highly-differentiated Cenozoic leucogranite makes this belt gradually become a highly-potential strategic prospective area for the rare-metal mineralization in China. At present, the type of metal assemblages in the northern Tethys Himalayan belt is dominated by beryllium-niobium-tantalum (tin-tungsten) assemblage, while the southern Higher Himalayan belt is dominated by lithium-beryllium-niobium-tantalum assemblage. The present study has newly discovered the beryl-bearing pegmatites in the Yardoi Gneiss Dome, and the detailed field observation, internal structures of pegmatites and mineralogical compositions have been analyzed by in-situ microanalysis of EPMA and LA-ICPMS on the feldspar, mica, tourmaline and beryl from the leucogranite-pegmatite. Finally, all the results comprehensively shape the degree of magmatic differentiation of the Yalaxiangbo leucogranite-pegmatite and its rare metal mineralization potential. Based on the detailed field observation and in-situ microanalysis of minerals, the following concluding remarks were obtained: 1) rare-metal minerals in the Yalaxiangbo leucogranite and pegmatite rocks are mainly beryl hosted in the microline-albite pegmatite; 2) compositions of the mica minerals, feldspars, tourmalines and beryl were controlled by the magmatic differentiation, and the elemental substitution includes Al₂□R_-3²⁺ and Al₄Si_-3□_-1for muscovite, MgFe_-1 and ^X□, Al(Na, R²⁺)_-1 in schorl, and Na(Fe²⁺, Mg)□_-1Al_-1 in beryl; 3) according to feldspar Cs content and K-feldspar K/Rb ratio, muscovite Li-B-Cs content and K/Rb ratio, schorl Ge-Pb content, and beryl Li-Cs content and Cs/Na ratio, we suggest the Yalaxiangbo leucogranite-pegmatite evolution is similar to that of typical Be-Nb-Ta mineralized pegmatites and Be-mineralized zones in complex pegmatites.
- Ore-forming mechanism /
- Magmatic differentiation /
- Mineral compositions /
- Pegmatite /
- Himalaya

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图 1

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩分布示意图(据潘桂棠, 2004; 刘志超等, 2020)

Figure 1.

Distribution map of the Himalayan leucogranite (modified after Pan, 2004; Liu et al., 2020)

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图 2

喜马拉雅雅拉香波穹窿地质简图(据Zeng et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2018修改)

Figure 2.

Simplified geological map of the Yalaxiangbo Gneiss dome, Himalaya, Tibet (modified after Zeng et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2018)

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图 3

雅拉香波二云母花岗岩(a、b)、花岗伟晶岩(c)和含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩(d-f)野外照片

Figure 3.

Photographs of the Yalaxiangbo two-mica granite (a, b), granitic pegmatite (c) and beryl-bearing pegmatite (d-f) in the field

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图 4

雅拉香波二云母花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩和含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩显微照片

Figure 4.

Microphotographs showing textural features of the two-mica granite, granitic pegmatite and beryl-bearing pegmatite

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图 5

雅拉香波二云母花岗岩和伟晶岩岩石结构和典型矿物BSE和CL显微图像

Figure 5.

Representative BSE and cathodoluminescence (CL) images of the igneous textures and minerals from the Yalaxiangbo two-mica granite and pegmatite

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图 6

雅拉香波二云母花岗岩(a)和伟晶岩(b)中长石An-Ab-Or三元图解

Figure 6.

Feldspar An-Ab-Or diagram of the Yalaxiangbo two-mica granite (a) and pegmatite (b)

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图 7

雅拉香波淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩中长石Na₂O/K₂O比值与微量元素协变图解

Figure 7.

Feldspar Na₂O/K₂O ratio against trace elements diagrams of the Yalaxiangbo leucogranite and pegmatite

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图 8

雅拉香波淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩中云母组成分类

Figure 8.

Compositional classification of mica minerals in the Yalaxiangbo leucogranite and pegmatite

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图 9

雅拉香波淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩中白云母元素二元图解

Figure 9.

Compositional variations of the muscovite in the Yalaxiangbo leucogranite and pegmatite

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图 10

雅拉香波伟晶岩中电气石分类图解(底图据Henry et al., 2011)

Figure 10.

Compositional classification of the tourmaline minerals in the Yalaxiangbo leucogranite and pegmatite (base map after Henry et al., 2011)

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图 11

雅拉香波伟晶岩中电气石微量元素图解

Figure 11.

Selected trace-element variations in studied tourmalines from the Yalaxiangbo pegmatite

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图 12

雅拉香波绿柱石主量-微量元素图解

Figure 12.

Major-trace elemental variation in the beryl at the Yalaxiangbo

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图 13

雅拉香波花岗岩和伟晶岩中白云母(a、b)、电气石(c-e)和绿柱石(f-h)元素替代机制图解

Figure 13.

Substitution mechanism of muscovite (a, b), tourmaline (c-e) and beryl (f-h) from the leucogranite and pegmatite at Yalaxiangbo

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图 14

雅拉香波长石、云母、电气石和绿柱石元素组成与典型稀有金属伟晶岩对应矿物组成对比图解

Figure 14.

Comparison of the feldspar, mica, tourmaline and beryl compositions at the Yalaxiangbo with the typical rare-metal pegmatites from the world

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表 1

本次研究主要样品和主要矿物组合

Table 1.

Sample descriptions and mineral assemblages in this study

岩性	样品号	矿物组合特征
二云母花岗岩	19YLXB5-4	细粒，钾长石(35%~40%)+斜长石(20%~25%)+石英(20%~25%)+白云母(3%~5%)+黑云母(3%~5%)
	19YLXB8-5	中细粒，钾长石(40%~45%)+斜长石(20%~25%)+石英(15%~20%)+白云母(3%~5%)+黑云母(3%~5%)
	19YLXB15-5	中细粒，钾长石(40%~45%)+斜长石(20%~25%)+石英(15%~20%)+白云母(3%~5%)+黑云母(3%~5%)
花岗伟晶岩	19YLXB9-1-2	钾长石(35%~40%)+钠长石(15%~20%)+石英(30%~35%)+白云母(5%~7%)+电气石(3%)，伟晶岩岩体边缘粒度加粗
	19YLXB9-6	钾长石(35%~40%)+钠长石(15%~20%)+石英(20%~25%)+白云母(8%~10%)+电气石(3%~5%)，伟晶岩岩体边缘粒度加粗
	19YLXB16-5-2、19YLXB16-5-3	钾长石(35%~40%)+钠长石(15%~20%)+石英(25%~30%)+白云母(3%~5%)+电气石(1%~3%)+石榴石(1%~2%)
	19YLXB19-2-2、19YLXB19-2-3	钾长石(35%~40%)+钠长石(15%~20%)+石英(25%~30%)+白云母(3%~5%)+电气石(3%~5%)
含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩	19YLXB5-2-1	钾长石(40%~45%)+钠长石(15%~20%)+石英(20%~25%)+白云母(5%~7%)+绿柱石(1%~3%)，绿柱石粒径可达1cm
	19YLXB15-1、19YLXB15-1-2	钾长石(45%~50%)+钠长石(20%~25%)+石英(8%~10%)+白云母(8%~10%)+绿柱石(1%~3%)+石榴石(1%~2%)，绿柱石粒径为0.5~1cm
	19YLXB15-3-1	钾长石(45%~50%)+钠长石(20%~25%)+石英(8%~10%)+白云母(8%~10%)+绿柱石(1%~3%)+石榴石(1%~2%)，绿柱石粒径为0.5~1cm
	19YLXB21-7	钾长石(45%~50%)+钠长石(20%~25%)+石英(10%~15%)+白云母(5%~7%)+绿柱石(1%~3%)，绿柱石粒径较大，可达2~10cm
	21YLXB11-6	穿插于二云母花岗岩中伟晶岩脉，钠长石(45%~50%)+钾长石(25%~30%)+石英(10%~15%)+白云母(1%~2%)+绿柱石(1%~3%)，绿柱石为蓝绿色，透明度较好
注：矿物组合中为估算体积百分比

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表 2

雅拉香波二云母花岗岩-伟晶岩中代表性长石EPMA (wt%)和LA-ICPMS(×10^-6)测试结果

Table 2.

EPMA (wt%) and LA-ICPMS (×10^-6) results of the selected feldspar minerals in the Yalaxiangbo two-mica granite and pegmatites

样品号		19YLXB5-4				19YLXB15-5				19YLXB19-2-3				19YLXB5-2-1				19YLXB21-7
岩性		二云母花岗岩								花岗伟晶岩				含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩
测点号		Ab01	Ab02	Kf01	Kf02	Ab01	Ab02	Kf01	Kf02	Ab01	Ab02	Kf01	Kf02	Kf01	Kf02	Ab01	Ab02	Ab01	Ab02	Kf01	Kf02
EPMA测试结果
SiO₂		66.80	66.14	65.32	65.26	65.73	65.69	64.91	64.93	67.29	66.82	64.91	65.15	65.04	64.92	67.13	68.06	67.26	66.85	65.13	65.04
TiO₂		0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.09	0.00	0.10	0.07	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.00
Al₂O₃		20.69	21.11	18.03	18.22	21.03	21.09	18.03	17.99	19.89	20.08	18.10	18.03	18.12	18.13	19.67	19.26	19.86	19.86	18.20	17.98
FeO		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.04
MnO		0.02	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00
CaO		1.84	2.31	0.00	0.01	2.24	2.39	0.00	0.00	1.09	1.11	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.96	0.29	0.90	1.09	0.00	0.02
Na₂O		10.12	9.80	1.03	1.09	9.92	9.90	0.95	0.88	10.54	10.65	0.82	0.67	1.29	0.96	10.70	11.22	10.71	10.60	1.11	1.15
K₂O		0.23	0.26	15.20	14.93	0.21	0.20	14.92	14.90	0.20	0.18	14.99	15.26	14.44	15.05	0.15	0.15	0.14	0.17	14.61	14.79
BaO		0.04	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.17	0.16	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.08	0.03	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.12	0.07
Rb₂O		0.00	0.00	0.05	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07	0.02	0.08	0.07	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.01
P₂O₅		0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.02	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.03
Total		99.76	99.64	99.70	99.58	99.12	99.40	99.03	98.99	99.17	98.88	98.98	99.24	99.02	99.17	98.72	99.12	98.94	98.60	99.30	99.12
O	8
Si		2.933	2.911	3.016	3.012	2.909	2.902	3.015	3.015	2.967	2.956	3.014	3.019	3.014	3.011	2.973	2.998	2.970	2.965	3.012	3.016
Ti		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.004	0.002	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000
Al		1.071	1.095	0.981	0.991	1.097	1.098	0.987	0.985	1.034	1.047	0.990	0.985	0.989	0.991	1.027	1.000	1.033	1.038	0.992	0.983
Mn		0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000
Ca		0.087	0.109	0.000	0.000	0.106	0.113	0.000	0.000	0.052	0.052	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.046	0.014	0.043	0.052	0.000	0.001
Na		0.862	0.836	0.092	0.097	0.851	0.848	0.085	0.079	0.901	0.914	0.074	0.060	0.116	0.086	0.919	0.958	0.917	0.911	0.099	0.103
K		0.013	0.014	0.895	0.879	0.012	0.011	0.884	0.883	0.011	0.010	0.888	0.902	0.854	0.891	0.008	0.008	0.008	0.010	0.862	0.875
Ba		0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.001
Rb		0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000
P		0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001
Sum		4.968	4.966	4.987	4.981	4.975	4.976	4.975	4.969	4.968	4.981	4.970	4.969	4.976	4.981	4.976	4.981	4.975	4.976	4.971	4.981
An		0.09	0.11	0.00	0.00	0.11	0.12	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.05	0.00	0.00
Ab		0.90	0.87	0.09	0.10	0.88	0.87	0.09	0.08	0.93	0.94	0.08	0.06	0.12	0.09	0.94	0.98	0.95	0.94	0.10	0.11
Or		0.01	0.01	0.91	0.90	0.01	0.01	0.91	0.92	0.01	0.01	0.92	0.94	0.88	0.91	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.90	0.89
LA-ICPMS测试结果
Li		1.82	2.78			115	33.1	330	503	45.7	43.2	187	318	14.5	4.11	1.02	2.95	42.0	34.7	459	458
Be		0.09	15.6			9.30	11.6	3.07	0.86	31.8	29.5	4.32	3.60	3.61	2.10	8.69	10.2	14.5	13.3	3.92	4.19
Ga		1.90	29.3			16.7	17.8	13.6	13.4	17.2	18.7	14.1	13.9	22.6	23.3	29.4	27.9	17.8	15.7	11.7	10.6
Ge		0.52	bdl			1.39	1.72	1.07	0.87	2.11	2.52	2.08	2.41	1.61	1.40	2.33	1.78	1.11	1.93	1.50	1.47
Rb		38.9	2.38			0.59	0.14	360	434	0.66	0.19	745	727	925	1101	0.89	0.45	bdl	0.23	783	728
Sr		144	77.0			292	289	270	273	49.6	110	112	118	72.3	79.4	57.7	60.6	75.7	72.5	168	166
Sn		1.89	0.15			0.23	0.20	0.75	0.45	0.55	0.77	2.12	1.74	3.14	2.51	0.32	0.13	0.35	0.45	3.45	3.61
Cs		2.69	0.17			0.33	bdl	6.97	8.65	0.08	0.09	74.6	38.9	145	116	0.17	0.13	bdl	bdl	55.6	67.2
Ba		257	2.60			26.7	23.1	1224	1448	2.60	5.18	539	530	188	221	1.45	1.67	5.14	4.36	1627	1944
Pb		15.3	16.2			108	109	359	416	120	145	534	514	126	105	23.6	31.1	63.7	63.6	595	592
注：bdl表示低于检出限；后同

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表 3

雅拉香波二云母花岗岩-伟晶岩中代表性云母EPMA (wt%)和LA-ICPMS(×10^-6)测试结果

Table 3.

EPMA (wt%) and LA-ICPMS (×10^-6) results of the selected mica minerals in the Yalaxiangbo two-mica granite and pegmatites

样品号		19YLXB8-5						19YLXB19-2-2			19YLXB15-1-2			19YLXB21-7
岩性		二云母花岗岩						花岗伟晶岩			含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩
测点号		3	7	13	4	10	15	2	3	8	1	2	5	1	2	3
EPMA测试结果
SiO₂		46.85	46.86	47.20	33.72	33.90	33.45	47.10	47.01	47.50	47.10	47.29	47.61	46.88	46.68	46.77
TiO₂		0.31	0.36	0.28	1.34	2.14	1.66	0.00	0.06	0.07	0.26	0.17	0.50	0.16	0.13	0.11
Al₂O₃		33.77	33.77	34.47	18.92	18.17	17.97	34.67	35.44	35.19	35.42	34.74	34.45	33.60	34.07	33.92
FeO		2.87	2.77	2.68	24.17	24.96	25.61	2.72	2.52	2.27	1.26	1.72	1.68	3.42	2.72	2.89
MnO		0.03	0.01	0.02	0.50	0.54	0.49	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.01	0.04
MgO		0.64	0.66	0.65	3.33	3.44	3.42	0.58	0.58	0.49	0.77	0.82	0.87	0.61	0.56	0.59
CaO		0.04	0.05	0.00	0.05	0.07	0.10	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.06	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.21
Na₂O		0.50	0.41	0.48	0.04	0.08	0.15	0.57	0.54	0.48	0.42	0.46	0.36	0.43	0.48	0.47
K₂O		10.02	10.04	10.35	9.01	9.00	8.77	10.05	9.88	10.00	10.39	10.32	10.05	10.50	10.11	10.18
F		0.25	0.26	0.36	0.74	0.81	0.83	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.25	0.28	0.32	0.43	0.51	0.48
Cl		0.01	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.10	0.11	0.22	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.02
H₂O		4.37	4.36	4.37	3.38	3.37	3.31	4.46	4.48	4.46	4.44	4.42	4.40	4.30	4.25	4.27
F=O		0.10	0.11	0.15	0.31	0.34	0.35	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.12	0.13	0.18	0.21	0.20
L₂O测试值		0.21	0.22	0.21	1.41	1.32	1.12	0.32	0.31	0.29	0.39	0.43	0.38	0.41	0.46	0.47
Total		95.19	95.10	96.35	91.56	92.82	92.14	95.90	96.26	96.32	95.77	95.78	95.83	95.93	95.12	95.48
Sum^*		99.56	99.46	100.72	94.94	96.19	95.45	100.36	100.74	100.78	100.21	100.20	100.23	100.23	99.37	99.75
O	22
Si		6.260	6.263	6.236	5.406	5.395	5.401	6.229	6.184	6.242	6.197	6.233	6.264	6.244	6.231	6.230
Ti		0.032	0.036	0.027	0.161	0.257	0.201	0.000	0.006	0.007	0.025	0.017	0.049	0.016	0.013	0.011
Al		5.319	5.321	5.368	3.575	3.409	3.420	5.406	5.494	5.450	5.492	5.397	5.342	5.274	5.360	5.326
Fe²⁺		0.321	0.310	0.297	3.241	3.322	3.457	0.301	0.278	0.249	0.139	0.190	0.185	0.381	0.304	0.322
Mn		0.003	0.001	0.002	0.067	0.073	0.067	0.002	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.005	0.006	0.001	0.005
Mg		0.128	0.132	0.128	0.796	0.816	0.824	0.114	0.115	0.096	0.151	0.160	0.171	0.120	0.112	0.117
Ca		0.006	0.006	0.000	0.009	0.012	0.017	0.005	0.006	0.006	0.000	0.008	0.007	0.004	0.008	0.030
Na		0.131	0.107	0.123	0.011	0.026	0.046	0.145	0.137	0.122	0.107	0.117	0.092	0.111	0.125	0.121
K		1.708	1.712	1.744	1.842	1.826	1.806	1.695	1.658	1.677	1.744	1.736	1.687	1.783	1.721	1.730
Ni		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
F		0.105	0.110	0.149	0.375	0.408	0.422	0.042	0.046	0.044	0.103	0.115	0.131	0.180	0.213	0.202
Cl		0.001	0.005	0.002	0.013	0.013	0.011	0.023	0.024	0.050	0.001	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.004
Li		0.111	0.120	0.111	0.906	0.844	0.721	0.172	0.165	0.152	0.205	0.227	0.203	0.220	0.248	0.249
O^-		3.894	3.885	3.849	3.612	3.579	3.566	3.935	3.930	3.906	3.896	3.885	3.864	3.820	3.787	3.794
^ⅣAl		1.740	1.737	1.764	2.594	2.605	2.599	1.771	1.816	1.758	1.803	1.767	1.736	1.756	1.769	1.770
^ⅥAl		3.579	3.583	3.604	0.981	0.803	0.821	3.635	3.678	3.692	3.689	3.629	3.606	3.518	3.591	3.557
Mg-Li		0.02	0.01	0.02	-0.11	-0.03	0.10	-0.06	-0.05	-0.06	-0.05	-0.07	-0.03	-0.10	-0.14	-0.13
Fe+Mn+Ti-Al^Ⅵ		-3.22	-3.24	-3.28	2.49	2.85	2.91	-3.33	-3.39	-3.44	-3.52	-3.42	-3.37	-3.11	-3.27	-3.22
^ⅣAl+^ⅥAl		5.32	5.32	5.37	3.58	3.41	3.42	5.41	5.49	5.45	5.49	5.40	5.34	5.27	5.36	5.33
Li		0.11	0.12	0.11	0.91	0.84	0.72	0.17	0.17	0.15	0.21	0.23	0.20	0.22	0.25	0.25
Mg+Fe+Mn		0.45	0.44	0.43	4.11	4.21	4.35	0.42	0.39	0.34	0.29	0.35	0.36	0.51	0.42	0.44
LA-ICPMS测试结果
Li		486	525	491	3291	3087	2603	758	731	674	909	1003	898	962	1084	1090
Be		6.53	8.66	5.84	2.32	3.24	2.27	32.1	30.2	28.0	19.6	22.1	20.2	32.7	35.8	30.1
B		50.4	56.2	55.9	11.5	13.1	7.70	60.5	88.6	66.2	42.5	78.0	70.5	114	128	132
Sc		30.7	26.1	19.1	6.83	7.86	5.85	5.91	3.69	2.68	8.28	5.32	3.20	4.04	2.75	1.02
Zn		176	154	175	1573	1832	2265	300	237	228	102	128	96.6	382	511	412
Ga		153	159	178	90.6	96.8	94.1	102	104	105	148	140	143	121	125	132
Ge		0.33	0.77	0.67	1.26	1.54	1.72	0.38	1.81	1.90	1.75	1.64	2.52	0.95	1.67	1.88
Rb		830	822	945	2434	2057	1703	724	853	895	944	1258	1278	1143	1195	1372
Sr		10.2	15.6	7.34	1.24	17.7	1.21	10.5	13.5	12.6	9.03	4.92	5.39	8.38	6.66	7.23
Zr		2.24	2.62	1.58	0.36	0.73	0.96	0.88	0.64	0.90	1.05	0.88	1.39	0.65	1.33	0.78
Nb		39.0	29.9	42.0	130	202	137	29.7	31.9	32.6	110	101	114	47.2	71.0	56.6
Sn		76.1	81.5	136	105	113	128	45.6	50.1	53.5	54.0	101	98.2	101	83.1	96.5
Cs		9.78	12.8	13.3	540	558	114	14.1	27.6	31.1	60.0	207	210	44.9	35.8	55.9
Ba		150	153	85.0	62.1	66.3	59.8	1762	592	618	346	193	144	611	104	202
Hf		0.22	0.23	0.17	0.05	0.04	0.10	0.14	0.10	0.13	0.15	0.15	0.30	0.22	0.25	0.17
Ta		0.63	0.60	0.79	12.5	27.0	13.1	1.51	0.95	1.25	22.0	18.1	16.2	4.14	8.12	2.74
W		15.0	12.9	14.7	2.64	2.08	1.55	3.36	3.61	3.21	5.93	3.16	3.06	4.47	2.69	3.38
Pb		12.2	12.9	11.0	17.5	78.5	8.29	36.7	60.3	56.3	25.4	23.5	26.8	45.9	61.5	42.3
K/Rb		114	109	101	33.9	32.7	46.1	126	104	99.1	112	79.7	77.1	80.5	78.4	66.8
K/Cs		9726	7045	7157	153	120	688	6443	3219	2853	1755	484	468	2051	2620	1638
Nb/Ta		62.1	49.5	53.1	10.3	7.49	10.5	19.6	33.7	26.1	4.97	5.58	7.01	11.4	8.75	20.7
注：^*Sum-重新加和所得到总量

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表 4

雅拉香波伟晶岩中代表性电气石EPMA (wt%)和LA-ICPMS(×10^-6)测试结果

Table 4.

EPMA (wt%) and LA-ICPMS (×10^-6) results of the typical tourmaline in the Yalaxiangbo pegmatites

样品号		19YLXB9-1-2			19YLXB9-6				19YLXB16-5-2		19YLXB16-5-3
点号		1	2	3	01(暗)	03(暗)	02(亮)	04(亮)	1	2	1	2	3
EPMA测试结果
SiO₂		35.04	35.04	35.00	35.23	34.84	35.06	34.95	35.39	35.48	35.26	35.28	34.81
Al₂O₃		33.56	33.41	33.52	32.16	32.10	32.90	32.72	33.77	33.83	33.30	33.50	32.54
FeO		11.78	11.85	12.87	10.42	10.52	12.10	11.41	11.99	11.98	12.23	12.20	12.38
MnO		0.08	0.07	0.12	0.05	0.06	0.19	0.11	0.06	0.03	0.06	0.10	0.08
MgO		2.71	2.73	1.85	4.15	3.79	2.51	3.16	2.14	2.16	2.08	2.07	2.62
CaO		0.33	0.33	0.26	0.40	0.36	0.24	0.33	0.11	0.10	0.12	0.13	0.27
Na₂O		1.96	1.99	1.89	2.08	2.02	2.10	2.05	1.70	1.69	1.87	1.90	2.16
K₂O		0.06	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.06
F		0.17	0.35	0.50	0.25	0.20	0.42	0.27	0.00	0.08	0.15	0.02	0.28
Li₂O计算值		0.18	0.18	0.18	0.16	0.18	0.19	0.18	0.16	0.17	0.19	0.19	0.18
H₂O计算值		3.14	3.05	2.93	3.13	3.11	3.01	3.10	3.09	3.05	3.04	3.12	3.10
B₂O₃计算值		10.40	10.39	10.33	10.35	10.26	10.31	10.33	10.34	10.36	10.29	10.32	10.27
O=F		0.07	0.15	0.21	0.11	0.09	0.18	0.11	0.00	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.12
Total		99.48	99.59	99.71	98.52	97.56	99.24	98.78	98.78	99.00	98.69	98.85	98.86
O	31
Si		5.856	5.862	5.890	5.918	5.905	5.913	5.880	5.950	5.955	5.958	5.944	5.891
Al		0.144	0.138	0.110	0.082	0.095	0.087	0.120	0.050	0.045	0.042	0.056	0.109
Total (T)		6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000	6.000
Ti		0.076	0.077	0.046	0.095	0.108	0.052	0.096	0.015	0.015	0.024	0.022	0.072
Fe²⁺		1.647	1.658	1.810	1.464	1.491	1.707	1.605	1.686	1.681	1.728	1.718	1.753
Mn²⁺		0.011	0.010	0.017	0.007	0.008	0.027	0.015	0.008	0.004	0.008	0.014	0.011
Mg		0.676	0.682	0.463	1.039	0.958	0.631	0.793	0.537	0.541	0.524	0.519	0.660
Li计算值		0.122	0.122	0.123	0.111	0.120	0.128	0.121	0.110	0.112	0.128	0.129	0.120
Total (Y)		3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000
Ca		0.059	0.059	0.047	0.073	0.065	0.044	0.060	0.019	0.019	0.021	0.024	0.049
Na		0.636	0.647	0.617	0.677	0.664	0.686	0.669	0.553	0.548	0.612	0.619	0.709
K		0.012	0.010	0.012	0.007	0.010	0.009	0.011	0.007	0.006	0.009	0.006	0.013
X-空位		0.293	0.284	0.325	0.243	0.261	0.260	0.260	0.421	0.427	0.357	0.351	0.229
Total (X)		1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
OH		3.497	3.406	3.287	3.511	3.510	3.387	3.476	3.468	3.417	3.430	3.511	3.497
F		0.089	0.186	0.266	0.134	0.108	0.222	0.143	0.000	0.045	0.080	0.009	0.152
Cl		0.000	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.002
Total		3.586	3.595	3.553	3.646	3.619	3.612	3.619	3.468	3.462	3.514	3.521	3.651
Mg/(Mg+Fe²⁺)(Y)		0.29	0.29	0.20	0.42	0.39	0.27	0.33	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.27
LA-ICPMS测试结果
Li		149	84.2	149	59.6	68.1	75.4	84.5	183	167	211	170	200
Be		10.9	5.94	10.8	5.86	6.64	5.82	4.92	5.41	5.21	5.73	5.54	5.89
Sc		0.83	32.9	0.94	10.6	12.0	3.82	3.69	1.82	2.12	1.78	1.81	1.85
Zn		1706	1345	1635	1098	1136	1466	1453	1806	1775	1717	1680	1698
Ga		130	179	122	147	147	135	132	72.8	73.3	77.6	67.6	78.2
Ge		2.62	2.52	1.97	1.34	1.27	1.72	1.18	0.57	0.76	0.17	0.52	1.28
Sr		9.62	4.97	9.57	24.0	21.4	10.1	10.3	17.5	17.2	53.2	22.9	55.2
Nb		0.65	0.77	0.58	0.43	0.56	0.49	0.70	0.12	0.14	0.23	0.11	0.30
Sn		17.2	18.7	16.9	17.5	20.3	16.3	17.3	4.07	4.08	7.61	4.66	8.55
Ta		0.21	0.36	0.17	0.16	0.22	0.19	0.27	0.04	0.05	0.19	0.13	0.29
Pb		7.75	6.39	7.34	10.8	11.5	6.98	7.44	14.0	14.3	42.0	17.5	45.8
Nb/Ta		3.12	2.13	3.43	2.67	2.62	2.59	2.57	2.78	2.67	1.2	0.83	1.02
注：H₂O和B₂O₃含量分别基于OH+F+Cl=4和B=3计算而得，计算使用Yavuz et al. (2014)提供的WinTcac软件；Li₂O含量则是根据3-Total (Y) 计算而得；总量在上述计算结果基础上计算获得

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表 5

雅拉香波伟晶岩中绿柱石EPMA (wt%)和LA-ICPMS(×10^-6)测试结果

Table 5.

EPMA (wt%) and LA-ICPMS (×10^-6) results of the beryl in the Yalaxiangbo beryl-bearing pegmatites

样品号	21YLXB11-6			19YLXB5-2-1			19YLXB15-3-1			19LXB15-1-2
样品号	ave (n=20)	min	max	ave (n=12)	min	max	ave (n=12)	min	max	ave (n=20)	min	max
EPMA测试结果
SiO₂	65.74	64.93	66.74	65.97	65.10	66.76	65.67	64.92	66.23	65.53	64.70	66.39
TiO₂	0.01	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.06	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.05
Al₂O₃	17.32	16.48	17.75	18.10	17.91	18.38	17.58	17.29	17.96	17.32	17.07	17.54
FeO	0.42	0.24	0.62	0.42	0.37	0.52	0.38	0.22	0.53	0.46	0.36	0.61
MnO	0.03	0.00	0.10	0.09	0.04	0.13	0.35	0.24	0.62	0.33	0.24	0.46
MgO	0.02	0.00	0.10	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.04
CaO	0.02	0.00	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.03
BeO测试值	12.31	12.09	12.62	12.70	12.48	13.10	12.24	12.05	12.60	12.42	12.23	12.78
BeO计算值	13.13	12.91	13.35	13.64	13.52	13.75	13.37	13.12	13.54	13.24	13.11	13.53
Li₂O测试值	0.26	0.19	0.35	0.04	0.01	0.08	0.14	0.08	0.22	0.18	0.10	0.25
Na₂O	0.71	0.55	0.93	0.29	0.26	0.33	0.58	0.42	0.81	0.68	0.53	0.77
K₂O	0.04	0.00	0.09	0.02	0.00	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.03	0.01	0.05
Cs₂O测试值	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.10	0.06	0.17	0.06	0.02	0.12	0.13	0.08	0.15
P₂O₅	0.02	0.00	0.10	0.02	0.00	0.08	0.02	0.00	0.06	0.02	0.00	0.05
F	0.07	0.00	0.31	0.04	0.00	0.25	0.10	0.00	0.46	0.05	0.00	0.33
O=F, Cl	0.03	0.00	0.13	0.02	0.00	0.10	0.04	0.00	0.19	0.02	0.00	0.14
Total	97.84	96.45	99.08	98.73	97.69	99.49	98.27	97.23	98.86	97.96	97.30	98.89
O	18
Si	6.057	6.017	6.095	6.009	5.979	6.028	6.027	6.010	6.038	6.039	6.004	6.057
Ti	0.001	0.000	0.004	0.001	0.000	0.004	0.001	0.000	0.003	0.001	0.000	0.003
Al	1.881	1.814	1.924	1.943	1.916	1.984	1.902	1.860	1.934	1.882	1.853	1.910
Cr	0.002	0.000	0.003	0.001	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.003
Fe	0.033	0.018	0.048	0.032	0.028	0.039	0.029	0.017	0.041	0.035	0.027	0.047
Mn	0.002	0.000	0.007	0.007	0.003	0.010	0.027	0.019	0.048	0.026	0.019	0.035
Mg	0.003	0.000	0.014	0.001	0.000	0.004	0.001	0.000	0.005	0.001	0.000	0.005
Ca	0.002	0.000	0.005	0.002	0.000	0.003	0.001	0.000	0.003	0.001	0.000	0.003
Na	0.126	0.098	0.166	0.051	0.045	0.058	0.104	0.075	0.145	0.121	0.094	0.138
K	0.005	0.000	0.010	0.003	0.000	0.005	0.003	0.002	0.007	0.004	0.002	0.006
Cs	0.003	0.002	0.004	0.004	0.002	0.007	0.002	0.001	0.005	0.005	0.003	0.006
P	0.002	0.000	0.008	0.001	0.000	0.006	0.002	0.000	0.005	0.001	0.000	0.004
F	0.021	0.000	0.091	0.012	0.000	0.072	0.028	0.000	0.135	0.014	0.000	0.096
Li计算	0.095	0.071	0.130	0.015	0.005	0.028	0.051	0.028	0.082	0.067	0.035	0.091
Be计算	2.905	2.870	2.929	2.985	2.972	2.995	2.949	2.918	2.972	2.933	2.909	2.965
Sum(Al+Fe+Mn+Mg)	1.919	1.868	1.963	1.983	1.954	2.026	1.960	1.941	1.984	1.944	1.916	1.990
□ (空位)	0.864	0.822	0.893	0.941	0.932	0.950	0.889	0.851	0.922	0.869	0.849	0.897
Cs/Na	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.07	0.05	0.12	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.06
LA-ICPMS测试结果
Li	2474	2249	2673	520	428	596	1332	1009	1625	1358	902	1453
Be	44324	43534	45442	45708	44936	47159	44077	43386	45360	44714	44045	46007
B	0.81	0.14	1.76	1.13	0.32	2.86	1.25	0.00	3.40	0.80	0.00	1.72
Sc	1.02	0.12	1.64	3.83	1.69	5.04	1.74	0.32	4.30	0.99	0.55	1.63
Zn	374	343	411	200	66.6	234	236	132	311	316	123	362
Ga	21.0	16.3	24.2	30.2	23.9	32.6	16.9	15.1	18.8	16.8	15.5	18.0
Rb	84.4	80.8	87.6	26.0	14.2	32.7	29.4	25.7	40.4	32.4	24.7	37.4
Sn	0.54	0.18	0.83	0.32	0.17	0.47	0.21	0.06	0.36	0.26	0.08	0.41
Cs	731	538	893	918	596	1634	568	168	1163	1201	746	1414

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西藏雅拉香波穹窿淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩矿物学特征: 对稀有金属成矿指示意义

作者简介: 赵俊兴, 男, 1984年生, 副研究员, 矿床学专业, E-mail: zhaojunxing@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

Mineralogical characteristics of the leucogranite-pegmatite in the Yardoi Gneiss Dome, Himalaya, Tibet: Implication to the rare-metal mineralization

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作者简介:
赵俊兴, 男, 1984年生, 副研究员, 矿床学专业, E-mail: zhaojunxing@mail.iggcas.ac.cn