| 甘青地区马家窑文化遗址的地貌环境分析及其土地利用研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王琳, 崔一付, 刘晓芳. 甘青地区马家窑文化遗址的地貌环境分析及其土地利用研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 2014, 34(1): 224-233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2014.26 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王琳 崔一付 刘晓芳 |
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| 作者单位： | ① 华侨大学建筑学院, 厦门 361021;; ② 兰州大学西部环境与气候变化研究院, 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 福建省自然科学基金项目(批准号:2012J01218);华侨大学高层次人才科研启动项目(批准号:11BS407);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA05130601)共同资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 马家窑文化是甘青地区新石器时期的主流文化，其时空演化和生业模式转变过程的研究取得了较大进展，但其不同发展阶段的地貌环境和水文条件的变化却仍不清晰。本文借助GIS方法和遗址域的概念，采用定量手段分析了马家窑文化不同时期遗址分布的地貌背景和汇水累积量的变化，并以此推论这些不同的地貌环境所反映的土地利用方式及其与生业模式之间的关联。分析结果表明，马家窑文化在不同时期的遗址域内有不同的平地等级和汇水累积量分布，这些指标所反映的土地开发、占用模式与当时的生业模式有很大关系。这项工作为理解不同气候背景下史前人类对生存空间和生业模式的选择机制提供了新的视角。
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| 关 键 词： | 马家窑文化 遗址域 汇水累积总量 生业模式 GIS |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-08-28 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013-11-14 |
SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF MAJIAYAO SITES IN GANSU-QINGHAI REGION AND ITS INDICATION ON ANCIENT LAND USE PATTERN |
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| Wang Lin, Cui Yifu, Liu Xiaofang. SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF MAJIAYAO SITES IN GANSU-QINGHAI REGION AND ITS INDICATION ON ANCIENT LAND USE PATTERN[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2014, 34(1): 224-233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2014.26 |
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| Authors: | Wang Lin Cui Yifu Liu Xiaofang |
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| Affiliation: | ① School of Architecture, HuaQiao University, Xiamen 361021;; ② Research School of Arid Environment & Climate Change, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 |
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| Abstract: | The Majiayao culture(5300~4000cal.aB.P.)is the mainstream culture of the Neolithic period in Gansu-Qinghai region. Studies on the spatial-temporal variation and transition of subsistence strategy have made substantial progress,but the topographic and hydrologic environment of its different phases remains unclear. Based on the concept of "site catchment" and aided by GIS methods,this work analyzes surrounding flat lands and corresponding flow accumulation of different phases of Majiayao culture. The study area(33°24'~39°36'N,98°42'~106°42'E),covering the western Loess Plateau and north-eastern Tibet Plateau and stretches about 380km from west to east,is the core distributional region of Majiayao culture. The published atlas of Chinese relics,which summarizes former national archaeological survey results,and SRTM data with 90meters resolution are used as the data source of our analysis. Giving consideration to the affection of topographic fluctuation,the site catchment of each cultural phase is defined by cost distance analysis of ArcGIS. Within the site catchment of each Majiayao cultural phase,the flat lands levels and corresponding sum flow accumulation are counted to evaluate the available farm lands and accessible irrigation ground water for agricultural activity. Hydrologic and topographic modules of ArcGIS are used to generate the two indexes and zonal statistics tool is used to indicate the comparable results. Our results indicate that the availability of flat lands and flow accumulation within the site catchment reflects the ancient land use pattern of different phases of Majiayao culture. That is,the proportion of high level flat lands(13~15)of Majiayao and Banshan phase is not remarkably higher than other levels. This indicates the two cultural phases dont particularly emphasize the cultivation of flat lands. The corresponding sum flow accumulation of high level flat lands doesnt keep a high level either indicating an unsatisfactory land-water allocation for agricultural activity. The land-water allocation of Banshan is even worse comparing to Majiayao phase. The Machang phase manifests a different situation with high proportion of high level flat lands within its site catchment. Its sum flow accumulation remains a distinguished for all the high level flat lands(13~15). This indicates a good land-water allocation for massive agricultural activity. We believe that the land use pattern indicated by the flat land level and sum flow accumulation relates to ancient subsistence strategy to a great extent. This work provides new perspective to understand ancient people's selection on living space and subsistence strategy in the context of variable climate condition. |
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| Keywords: | Majiayao culture site catchment flow accumulation subsistence strategy GIS |
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