
中国人海经济系统环境适应性演化及预警
Environmental Adaptability Evolution and Early-warning of Human-sea Economic System in China
基于敏感性-稳定性-响应3维要素构建指标体系,运用熵值法和ARIMA-BP组合预测模型研究中国人海经济系统环境适应性的演化及预警。结果表明:① 2001~2016年中国人海经济系统环境适应性呈稳定上升态势,总体集中于中警状态,期间经历了“人海环境系统比较优势阶段→耦合协调阶段→人海经济系统比较优势阶段”的双螺旋适应过程,预计2017~2020年再次进入相互契合的轻警状态;② 16 a间中国人海经济系统环境适应性波动存在上升期短-衰退期长现象,预计未来4 a人海经济系统环境适应性在经济下行和生态约束背景下的速率不容乐观;③ 权衡人海经济系统和人海环境系统的关系,追求总体效益最大化,延长适应性周期波动中扩张期活动,差别化和灵活性的适应行为是未来主要排警对策。
Constructing environmental adaptability index system of human-sea economic system based on adaptability factors of sensitivity, stability and response. The entropy method was used to measure the environmental adaptability of human-sea economic system from 2001 to 2016. Combined with ARIMA-BP combined forecasting model, this article forecasts the environmental adaptability of the Chinese human-sea economic system from 2017 to 2020 and makes a detailed analysis of the light display mechanism. The results show that: 1) The environmental adaptability of the Chinese human-sea economic system continued to increase from 2001 to 2016, the warning degree rose from serious alert to slight alert and the indicator lamp turned from orange lamp to blue lamp, and 70% of the years in the medium alert. The environmental adaptability evolutionary process of human-sea economic system is a trade-off between human-sea economic system and the human-sea environment system, which experienced a comparative advantage phase of human-sea environment system→coupling and coordination stage→the comparative advantage phase of human-sea economic system. It is estimated that it will re-enter the highly coordinated phase of slight alert state from 2017 to 2020. 2) From 2001 to 2016, there was a short rise period and a long decline in the environmental adaptability of the Chinese human-sea economic system. It is estimated that the rate of environmental adaptability fluctuation of the Chinese human-sea economic system will not be optimistic in the context of economic downturn and ecological constraints from 2017 to 2020. 3) The ARIMA-BP combination forecasting model has a good simulation effect, and it is feasible to apply it to the environmental adaptability pre-warning study of the human-sea economic system. 4) The environmental adaptability evolutionary process of human-sea economic system is unique and dynamic, thus, it is the main policing strategy for the future to weigh the relationship between the human-sea economic system and the human-sea environment system in pursuit of maximizing the overall efficiency and extending the expansion period of adaptive cyclical fluctuations, and to develop a differentiated and flexible adaptation action policy.
人海经济系统 / 环境适应性 / 环境适应性预警 / ARIMA-BP模型 {{custom_keyword}} /
human-sea economic system / environmental adaptability / environmental adaptability early-warning / ARIMA-BP model {{custom_keyword}} /
图1 人海经济系统环境适应性逻辑框架Fig.1 Environmental adaptability framework of human-sea economic system |
表1 人海经济系统环境适应性评价指标体系Table 1 Environmental adaptability indicators of human-sea economic system |
系统层 | 准则层 | 指标和权重 |
---|---|---|
人海经济系统适应性 (0.588) | 敏感性(0.323) | 海洋产业系统结构熵(0.040)①;海洋生产总值(0.047);海洋渔业增加值(0.049);沿海港口吞吐量(0.047);旅游外汇收入(0.042) |
稳定性(0.380) | 海洋油气业增加值(0.051);海洋矿业增加值(0.053);海洋盐业增加值(0.042);海洋化工业增加值(0.050);海洋生物医药业增加值(0.054);海洋电力业增加值(0.066);海水利用业增加值(0.046);海洋船舶工业增加值(0.060);海洋工程建筑业增加值(0.053);海洋交通运输业增加值(0.041);滨海旅游业增加值(0.048);海洋新兴产业增加值年均增速(0.039) | |
响应 (0.297) | 海洋博士研究生数量(0.047);涉海就业人员数(0.033);海洋科研教育管理服务业增加值(0.042);海洋全员劳动生产率(0.049) | |
人海环境系统适应性 (0.412) | 敏感性(0.304) | 赤潮累计面积(0.071);全海域未达到清洁海域水质标准的面积(0.112);海洋油气平台含油污水排海量(0.079);海平面上升(0.065);疏浚物海洋倾倒量(0.062);海洋灾害总经济损失(0.049);海水捕捞/海水养殖(0.056) |
稳定性(0.361) | 海洋生物资源量②(0.093);海洋矿产资源系数③(0.088);人均海域面积(0.069) | |
响应 (0.335) | 海洋监控站位个数(0.077);海洋类型自然保护区个数(0.061);全国海水淡化工程规模(0.118) |
表2 适应性预警等级划分标准Table 2 Environmental adaptability early-warning classification of human-sea economic system |
警度 | 警限 | 警情特征 | 指示灯 |
---|---|---|---|
巨警(Ⅰ级) | [-∞, X-2δ] | 系统处于极不适应状态,系统结构粗放并残缺不全,敏感性、脆弱性问题显著,自组织自适应能力丧失,人海经济系统和人海环境系统难以协调发展 | 红色 |
重警(Ⅱ级) | (X-2δ, X-δ] | 系统处于较不适应状态,代谢循环和免疫功能存在健康问题,充满不确定性和多样性等风险,人海经济系统和人海环境系统契合程度低 | 橙色 |
中警(Ⅲ级) | (X-δ, X+δ] | 系统处于临界适应状态,系统结构继续敏感恶化,但尚能维持稳定状态,风险管理响应能力趋于整合,人海经济系统和人海环境系统冲突减缓 | 黄色 |
轻警(Ⅳ级) | (X+δ, X+2δ] | 系统处于较适应状态,系统结构弹性增加,恢复力涌现,开始了自发的、计划的适应性风险规避,人海经济系统和人海环境系统向平衡方向演化 | 蓝色 |
无警(Ⅴ级) | (X+2δ, ∞] | 系统处于自适应状态,不断涌现新功能,整体生命力增强,行为能力和组织结构完善,人海经济系统和人海环境系统积极配合、螺旋式上升 | 绿色 |
注:δ为标准差,X为预警期望值平均值。 |
图2 中国人海经济系统环境适应性状态 |
图3 中国人海经济系统环境适应性演变规律Fig.3 Environmental adaptability evolution law of human-sea economic system in China |
图4 中国人海经济系统环境适应性波动 |
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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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