| 三层级多目标水循环调控理论与工程技术体系 |
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| 引用本文： | 邓铭江. 三层级多目标水循环调控理论与工程技术体系[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(5): 961-975 |
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| 作者姓名： | 邓铭江 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆额尔齐斯河流域开发工程建设管理局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000;西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（51609260） |
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| 摘 要： | 以新疆典型干旱区内陆河流域为研究对象,通过对地理、地貌、水文气象条件、流域水循环特征的系统分析,提出了水资源开发利用存在的三大问题,即:水资源匮乏且时空分布严重失衡,跨界河流水安全问题突出;水资源过度开发利用,人工绿洲与天然绿洲结构严重失调,生态环境恶化;水资源利用效率效益低,供需矛盾和水盐平衡失控。以水问题和水需求为导向,工程措施与生态保护并举,采用系统科学的基础理论与分析方法,构建了三层级多目标水循环调控理论与工程技术体系,分别从宏观、中观、微观三个层级,提出了区域、流域、灌区水循环调控与水资源高效利用的科学模式和关键技术。结合区域地形地貌特点和水资源禀赋条件,建立了北疆"网式"、南疆"环式"、东疆"串式"结构水循环调控框架,增强区域水资源合理配置的调控能力。针对流域水循环特点,提出山区水库替代平原水库和河道内与河道外引水"三七调控"、经济与生态耗水"五五分账"的综合调控模式。围绕现代灌区建设和面临的挑战,研究指出建立节水灌溉—水盐调控—地下水利用—生态保护"四位一体"的水资源高效利用综合调控技术体系,是干旱区绿洲农业可持续发展的方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 干旱区 水资源 水循环 调控理论 三层级多目标 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-05-24 |
System of three scale multi-objective water cycle regulation theory and engineering technology |
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| DENG Ming-jiang. System of three scale multi-objective water cycle regulation theory and engineering technology[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019, 42(5): 961-975 |
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| Authors: | DENG Ming-jiang |
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| Affiliation: | 1 Xinjiang Ertix River Basin Development Engineering Construction Management Bureau,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an 710048,Shaanxi,China |
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| Abstract: | Taking typical inland river basins in arid region of Xinjiang, China as a research subject, the paper shows three major existing problems of development and utilization of water resources, which are water resources shortage with serious space time imbalance distribution & noticeable problem of water safety of trans-boundary rivers, overdevelopment of water resources & serious structure imbalance between artificial and natural oases & ecological environment deterioration, low efficient utilization of water resources & imbalance of water and salt & contradiction between supply and demand of water resources on systematical analysis of local geography, landform, hydro-meteorological information and characteristics for water cycle of river basins. It establishes three-scale (macro-, meso-, micro-scopic scale) multi-objective water cycle regulation theory and engineering technology system and provides scientific model and key technology of water cycle regulation for regions, basins and irrigation zones & high efficient utilization of water resources, leading by water problem and its requirement & simultaneous development of engineering measures and ecological protection and adopting systematic scientific basis theory and analysis method. Combing region landform and geographic characteristics with water resources condition, it builds up water cycle regulation structure, which is net type for north Xinjiang, ring type for south Xinjiang, and cluster type for east Xinjiang in order to strengthen regulation capacity of reasonable allocation of regional water resources. Aiming at characteristics of water cycle of basin, it proposes comprehensive regulation model of plain reservoirs replaced by reservoirs in mountainous area, Three-seven Regulation between inland and outland waterway, Five-five Control for ecological and economical water uses. Surrounding current construction of irrigation zones and its challenge, it sets up Four-in-one (water-saving irrigation & regulation of water and salt & groundwater use & ecological protection) comprehensive regulation technology system for high efficient water resources use, which is the development direction of sustainable oasis agriculture in arid region. |
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| Keywords: | arid region water resources regulation theory key technology engineering measures |
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