Deep electrical structure of crust beneath the Madongshan step area at the Haiyuan fault in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications
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摘要:
海原—六盘山构造带是青藏高原东北缘地区的一条重要边界，在海原断裂带和六盘山断裂带接触区形成了特殊的马东山挤压阶区，本文对跨过该挤压阶区一条密集测点大地电磁剖面数据进行了处理和二维反演，获得的深部电性结构图像揭示在马东山挤压阶区深部电性结构表现为在高阻背景下镶嵌多个向西南倾斜的低阻条带电阻率结构样式，并在深度约25 km汇聚到中下地壳低阻层内，共同组成"正花状"结构；海原—六盘山构造带西南侧到陇中盆地区间呈现高、低阻相互"楔合"的深部结构特征，而其东北侧的鄂尔多斯西缘带自地表到中下地壳为较完整的高阻块体.另外结合跨过海原断裂带中段和西秦岭造山带的大地电磁探测结果，对海原—六盘山构造带分段性及其两侧的陇中盆地和鄂尔多斯地块的接触关系进行了研究分析.大地电磁探测成果佐证了在海原断裂带中段为具有走滑特点的断裂，而其尾端与六盘山断裂带斜交区域的马东山地区发生了强烈的逆冲推覆与褶皱变形；活动构造研究发现沿海原断裂带所产生的左旋走滑位移被其尾端的马东山、六盘山以东西向的地壳缩短调节吸收，GPS观测表明青藏高原东北缘地区现今构造变形分布在海原—六盘山构造带以西上百公里的范围内，陇中盆地—海原—六盘山构造带和鄂尔多斯地块一线的深部电性结构图像也很好地解释了该区变形状态：海原—六盘山构造带带及西南盘的陇中盆地的中下地壳非常破碎，在青藏高原向北东方向的推挤下容易发生变形，而北东盘鄂尔多斯地块地壳结构完整，很难发生构造变形.对海原—六盘山构造带马东山阶区和龙门山构造带的深部电性结构及变形特征等进行了比较分析，发现该区有与2008年汶川地震相似的深部构造背景，应重视该区强震孕育环境的探测研究.
Abstract:On the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, there is a profound Madongshan compressional step area at the conjunction between the Haiyuan and Liupanshan faults. This work has made processing and 2D inversion of a high-density MT profile across this step area, which permits to image the deep struture of this step area and study its relationship with the Longzhong basin and the Ordos block on its either side in combination with other MT surveys across the West Qinling orogen to the southeast. The resultant images show several southwest-dipping low-resistivity belts (LRBs) in a high-resistivity background beneath this area, which merge at about 25km depth in the middel and lower crust, forming a positive flower structure in the vertical profile. Alternating high and low resistivities characterize the deep subsurface from the southwest of the Haiyuan fault to the Longzhong basin. To the northeast, the west edge of the Ordos basin is an intact high-resistivity body which extends from the surface downward to the middle and lower crust. Studies of active tectonics suggest that the left slip of the Haiyuan fault is accommodating the crustal shortening of the Madongshan and Liupanshan Mountains which lie at the end of the Haiyuan fault. GPS measurements show that the current tectonic deformation is distributed in a region over 100 km west of the Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone. Deep electric structure derived from MT surveys aforementioned can explain this deformation pattern. As the middle and lower crust of the Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone and the Longzhong basin on its southwest wall is highly broken, this area is easy to deform under the northeastword push of the Tibetan plateau. Whereas the west-edge zone of Ordos on the northeast wall of the fault zone has an intact or relatively hard crustal structure, so it experiences little tectonic deformation.
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图 1
研究区地质、构造和大地电磁剖面位置(底图引自国家地震局地质研究所研究所, 1990)
Figure 1.
Map showing geology, tectonics and location of magnetotelluric profile along the Madongshan step area
图 2
沿剖面10个测点的测量方向视电阻率曲线和阻抗相位曲线
Figure 2.
Apparent resistivity and impedance phase curves of 10 measurement sites in WQL6 profile
图 3
各测点相位张量分解二维偏离度随频率变化的立体等值线
Figure 3.
Three-dimensional contours of variations of two-dimensional deviations with frequency from WQL6 phase tensor decomposition
图 4
各测点分频段相位张量分解最佳主轴电性走向玫瑰花瓣图
Figure 4.
Rose diagrams of optimal geoelectric strikes of principal axes in profile WQL6 from phase tensor decomposition
图 5
WQL6剖面不同正则化因子反演得到的模型粗糙度、拟合误差曲线
Figure 5.
Fitting errors versus model roughness from inversion of profile WQL6 using varied regularization factors
图 6
沿剖面实测与2D模型理论计算的TM和TE极化模式的视电阻率和阻抗相位拟断面
Figure 6.
Pseudo-cross sections of measured and calculated TE-and TM-mode apparent resistivity and impedance phase based on 2D model for profile WQL6
图 7
沿WQL6剖面二维反演获得深部电性结构图像以及修改反演模型中海原弧形构造带内电阻率值经二维正演获得的拟合情况对比
Figure 7.
(a1—a3) Comparison of 2D inversion, 2D forward modeling after modifying the inversion model and measured deep electric structures
图 8
沿WQL6剖面二维反演获得深部电性结构图像以及修改反演模型中陇中盆地中下地壳电阻率值经二维正演获得的拟合情况对比
Figure 8.
Comparison of 2D inversion, 2D forward modeling after modifying resistivity values of middle-lower crust of the Longzhong basin in the inversion model and measured deep electric structures
图 9
跨过松潘—甘孜地块、西秦岭造山带、海原—六盘山构造带和鄂尔多斯地块的深部电性结构
Figure 9.
Image of deep electric structure beneath across the Songpan-Garzê massif, West Qingling orogenic belt, Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone and Ordos block
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