| 地震的应变张量观测与应用前景 |
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| 引用本文： | 和泰名, 李世愚. 2017. 地震的应变张量观测与应用前景. 地球物理学报, 60(11): 4327-4340, doi: 10.6038/cjg20171121 |
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| 作者姓名： | 和泰名 李世愚 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地震局地球物理研究所(地震观测与地球物理成像重点实验室), 北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41090292）课题，中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务费专项（DQJB13B06），中国地震局地震行业科研专项（8-54），中国地震局2014年度老专家科研基金课题（201403）共同资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 地震发生时的动态应变场，在研究地震触发、地震破裂、地面破坏、水文和岩浆变化等方面都具有重要应用意义.地震的应变张量观测和现有的惯性地震仪观测的物理量不同.前者可以直接记录到地震发生时震源辐射的应变（应力）波，而后者记录到的是位移、速度或加速度.地震频率的应变测量在地震学中的应用前景主要表现在：①测量震源机制解理论预言的辐射4象限分布；②测量库仑应力变化；③换算成动态应力以评估地震烈度；④测量地震波的能量密度；⑤测量地震断层形变加速和形变局部化过程.用惯性地震仪的记录虽然在理论上也可以解算出动态应变值，然而种种原因导致计算结果的误差很大，往往不可接受.应变张量地震仪若能与现有的惯性地震仪配套起来，形成大规模台阵，则有可能推动应变地震学的诞生，在地震观测和地震学科领域引起重大革新.
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| 关 键 词： | 应变张量地震仪 惯性地震仪 地震观测 应力 应变地震学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-12-30 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017-09-25 |
The seismological application prospect of strain tensor meters |
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| HE Tai-Ming, LI Shi-Yu. 2017. The seismological application prospect of strain tensor meters. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 60(11): 4327-4340, doi: 10.6038/cjg20171121 |
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| Authors: | HE Tai-Ming LI Shi-Yu |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Seismic Observation and Geophysical Imaging, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | The dynamic strains associated with seismic waves may play a significant role in earthquake triggering, hydrological and magmatic changes, earthquake damage, and ground failure. The physical quantity recorded of strain tensor meter is completely differ to that recorded of existing inertia seismometer. The former can directly measure the strains associated with seismic waves, and yet the latter measurement is displacement, velocity and acceleration. The application prospects of dynamic strains meter with seismic wave frequency are mainly (1) measurement of the radiation quadrant distribution of earthquake source mechanism;(2) measurement of Coulomb stress changing; (3) evaluation of earthquake intensity by converting dynamic strains to dynamic stresses; (4) measurement of energy intensity of seismic wave similarly; (5) measurement the process of strain acceleration of seismic fault and deform localization. Although the data recorded of the inertia seismometer can also be calculated to strains, however the error of the results are often too large due to the dependence of theory model and other reasons, and often be unacceptable. If the fiber laser strain tensor meters can be assorted to inertial seismometers and form large-scale seismic array, the strain seismology may be born and cause grave revolution in the area of earthquake observation and seismology. |
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| Keywords: | Strain tensor seismometer Inertial seismometer Seismological observation Stress Strain seismology |
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