共生黑钨矿与石英等多种矿物中流体包裹体的红外显微测温对比研究——以江西西华山石英脉钨矿床为例
Contrasting infrared microthermometry study of fluid inclusions in coexisting quartz, wolframite and other minerals: A case study of Xihuashan quartz-vein tungsten deposit, China
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摘要: 西华山钨矿床是一个产于燕山期花岗岩中的大脉型钨矿床.已有百余年的开采史.但在矿床成矿条件和成矿流体性质等方面一直存在不同认识.作者利用红外显微镜及其它相关设备,对西华山矿床不同中段样品中的黑钨矿、锡石、绿柱石、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、石英和萤石中的流体包裹体进行了详细对比研究.结果显示,蚀变花岗岩中造岩石英只见次生气液包裹体,晶洞水晶中只有原生包裹体,而云英岩石英中原生、次生包裹体均较发育.黑钨矿中以原生气液包裹体为主,在早期结晶的黑钨矿中还有较多的硅酸盐熔融包裹体,而晶洞中的黑钨矿和水晶一样——只有原生气液包裹体.绿柱石中除了硅酸盐包裹体外,主要是气液包裹体(多为次生).其它锡石、黄铁矿、闪锌矿和萤石等都只有气液包裹体(原生或次生).研究结果表明,西华山钨矿床的初始成矿流体是一种岩浆——热液过渡性流体,尔后才演变成单一的热水溶液,在这一过程中黑钨矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、萤石和石英等矿物不断晶出.矿床总的成矿温度大致为700~200℃,压力约为160~200MPa.各种气液包裹体的盐度主要为5.0%~10% NaCleqv.文中还对这些数据的地质意义以及对脉钨矿床流体包裹体研究和数据解释中的某些问题进行了较深入的讨论.Abstract: Xihuashan tungsten deposit with more than one hundred years' mining history, is a large vein-type deposit hosted in the Yanshanian granite. However, the metallogenic conditions and the properties of ore-forming fluids of the deposit are still under debated. By using infrared microscopy and the related equipments, a detailed and comparative study on the fluid inclusions in various minerals was made in twelve samples from various levels of the mine, such as wolframite, cassiterite, beryl, pyrite, sphalerite, quartz and fluorite. The results show that only secondary fluid inclusions occurred in granite-forming quartz and only primary fluid inclusions occurred in miarolitic quartz, while primary fluid inclusions and secondary fluid inclusions are both developed in greisen quartz. The wolframite mainly contains primary fluid inclusions and many silicate melt inclusions in the early crystallization wolframite. There are only primary fluid inclusions in miarolitic wolframite. In addition to silicate melt inclusions, the fluid inclusions in beryl are mainly secondary. In other minerals such as cassiterite, pyrite, sphalerite and fluorite, only fluid inclusions are observed. Studies show that the initial ore-forming fluid of the Xihuashan tungsten deposit is a magmatic-hydrothermal transition fluid, then evolved into single hot aqueous solution. The wolframite, pyrite, sphalerite, fluorite and quartz, and so on, crystallized during all the stages. The mineralization temperatures are about 700~200℃, and the mineralization pressures are about 160~200MPa. The salinity of the gas-liquid inclusions is about 5.0%~10% NaCleqv. Furthermore, the geological significance of these data and some problems of the data interpretation are discussed deeply.
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