| 白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床成因评述 |
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| 引用本文： | 邓淼,韦春婉,许成,石爱国,李卓骐,范朝熙,匡光喜. 白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床成因评述[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 14-28. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.8.9 |
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| 作者姓名： | 邓淼 韦春婉 许成 石爱国 李卓骐 范朝熙 匡光喜 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.北京大学 地球与空间科学学院 造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 1008712.桂林理工大学 地球科学学院, 广西 桂林 541006 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;广西自然科学基金创新研究团队项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 稀土元素(Y+Sc+La-Lu)作为现代工业的“维生素”,是当今社会重要的战略资源。白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床位于中国内蒙古,是世界上最大的稀土矿床。因此,该矿床的成岩成矿模式受到全球地质工作者的强烈关注,并对此进行了大量的分析研究工作。以往的工作主要集中在对H8赋矿白云岩全岩年代学和地球化学的研究上,但由于白云鄂博稀土矿床经历了后期复杂的变形变质作用,矿石的结构构造非常复杂,全岩的研究结果造成了对该矿床成岩成矿模式不同的认识和争论。近些年,随着现代地球化学分析技术的快速发展,人们可以直接对白云石和稀土矿物(如独居石、磷灰石、氟碳铈矿等)进行高精度的微区原位同位素组成和原位U-Th-Pb定年分析,从而获得能够明确指示矿物时代、成矿流体和成矿物质来源的重要证据。结合近年来的研究成果,本文总结了目前关于白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床成岩成矿模式的不同认识,提出白云鄂博矿床初始稀土成矿源于中元古代(1.3 Ga)的碳酸岩岩浆活动,后期经历了早古生代的大规模流体作用,矿床中稀土元素发生再活化、富集和沉淀,稀土矿物巨量堆积成矿的新认识。
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| 关 键 词： | 白云鄂博 稀土矿床 稀土成矿作用 中元古代碳酸岩 早古生代交代作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-25 |
Rare earth mineralization in Bayan Obo super-large deposit:A review |
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| DENG Miao,WEI Chunwan,XU Cheng,SHI Aiguo,LI Zhuoqi,FAN Chaoxi,KUANG Guangxi. Rare earth mineralization in Bayan Obo super-large deposit:A review[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 14-28. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.8.9 |
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| Authors: | DENG Miao WEI Chunwan XU Cheng SHI Aiguo LI Zhuoqi FAN Chaoxi KUANG Guangxi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China2. College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China |
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| Abstract: | Rare earth elements (Y, Sc, La-Lu), the “vitamins” of modern industry, are regarded as critical strategic resources in today’s society. The Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit located in Inner Mongolia, China, is the world’s largest rare earth deposit. The diagenesis and mineralization processes of this deposit have attracted a great deal of attention from geologists around the world, and a considerable amount of research has been conducted. These researches were mainly focused on the whole-rock chronology and geochemistry of H8 ore-bearing dolomite rock, which, however, led to confusions over different metallogenic models as the deposit has rather complex ore texture and structure due to late stage deformation and metamorphism. In recent years, with the rapid technological development in modern geochemical analysis, high-precision in-situ isotopic analysis and in-situ U-Th-Pb dating can be performed directly on dolomite and rare earth minerals (such as monazite, apatite, bastnasite, etc.), which yielded valuable information on the age of the deposit as well as the source of ore-forming fluids. This paper summarizes the latest research results on the diagenesis and metallogenic model of the world class Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, and proposes that Mesoproterozoic (1.3 Ga) carbonatitic magmatism initiated REE mineralization and Early Paleozoic metasomatism subsequently caused REE reenrichment and reprecipitation which resulted in the accumulation of large amounts of REE minerals to form the Bayan Obo deposit. |
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| Keywords: | Bayan Obo REE deposit REE mineralization Mesoproterozoic carbonatite Early Paleozoic metasomatism |
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