| 自然遗产地生态脆弱性分析与评价——以托木尔区域为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 时卉,杨兆萍,韩芳,栾福明,石天戈. 自然遗产地生态脆弱性分析与评价——以托木尔区域为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(2): 318-328 |
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| 作者姓名： | 时卉 杨兆萍 韩芳 栾福明 石天戈 |
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| 作者单位： | （1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 2 中国科学院大学， 北京 100049） |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院西部博士资助项目，中国科学院外国专家特聘研究员计划，自治区外专局2012年引进国外技术、管理人才项目，2012年度中国科学院国际合作局俄乌白专项补助经费资助"新疆天山、喀纳斯自然遗产科学基础研究" |
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| 摘 要： | 以托木尔区域为研究区，从景观生态学的角度，结合生态环境特征，选取分离度、分维数倒数、破碎度、植被覆盖指数和土壤侵蚀指数作为评价指标，探讨各景观类型区域生态环境脆弱度的空间分异规律，并依据生态环境的脆弱度等级结果进行区划。结果表明：（1）依据研究区海拔、坡度值划定地貌特征区，包括极高山、高山边缘区，南北部中山区，红层地貌区和南北部低山丘陵区；（2）建设用地的分离度最大，各景观类型的分维数倒数值差别不大，低覆盖度草地破碎度、景观类型脆弱度最大；（3）托木尔区域生态环境脆弱度指数具有强烈的空间自相关性，是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果；（4）区域生态环境脆弱度指数空间表现为“北低南高”的趋势，自然因素是影响生态环境高脆弱度区域（7～9级）的主导干扰因素；人类活动与自然因素共同作用于生态环境中脆弱度区域（4～6级）；影响低脆弱度区域（1～3级）生态环境脆弱度的主要因素是人类活动；（5）根据研究区内生态环境脆弱度值，结合当地自然特征、社会经济发展现状，研究区可划分为保护区、限制开发区和可开发区，并对其实施差别化的政策管理与保护措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 托木尔 世界自然遗产地 生态脆弱性 空间分异 功能区划 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-04-30; |
Assessment and analysis of eco-environment vulnerability in Tomur region of natural heritage site |
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| SHI Hui,YANG Zhao-ping,HAN Fang,LUAN Fu-ming,SHI Tian-ge. Assessment and analysis of eco-environment vulnerability in Tomur region of natural heritage site[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2013, 36(2): 318-328 |
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| Authors: | SHI Hui YANG Zhao-ping HAN Fang LUAN Fu-ming SHI Tian-ge |
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| Affiliation: | （1 Xinjiang Znstituele of Ecology and Geograpny, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China） |
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| Abstract: | The Tomur region is a typical model for the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. A cluster of high peaks makes it one of the nominated areas for world natural heritage in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. The staggered huge mountains and basins and exogenic force decide the vertical distribution of the mountain natural elements in the study area. The impact of human activities gradually increase on the regional landscape and ecological environment in recent years. Natural heritages are especially important to the protection of biodiversity，dealing with ecological balance and harmonious development of human and environment. As a site of natural heritage，Tomur is with high eco-environment vulnerability. In the long run，the region should be strictly protected. It is significant for Tomur region how to deal with the economic development and environmental protection. Natural elements together with anthropogenic activities, this paper reflects the degree of change for various landscape types’ natural properties under the influence of landscape pattern. This article not only discussed the vulnerability and strategy of eco-environment in Tomur region，but also found the spatial characteristics of eco-environment vulnerability in the mountain natural heritage. Based on the interpretation of grid with GIS and considered the local condition，ten types of the landscape were classified in the study area. There are glacier land，barren land，unused land，construction land，forest land，water area，farmland，low coverage grassland，middle coverage grassland and high coverage grassland.Choosing isolation （FI），reciprocal of fractal dimension （FD），fragmentation （FN），vegetation coverage index （VC），soil erosion index （SE） as the evaluation factors, the eco-environment vulnerability model was constructed for evaluating and analyzing the vulnerability of landscape types and the regional eco-environment vulnerability degree. Semi-variogram analysis and ordinary Kriging interpolation were conducted to get the spatial distribution map of regional eco-environment vulnerability. According to the results，the Tomur region was divided into different protected areas for taking appropriate protection measures. The results show that：（1）Combined with slope map，the data of DEM，the information of field trips and historical data, the study area is divided into serially typical terrains．There are glacier and periglacial area of the high and extremely high mountains，medium-mountain area on the south and north parts，red bed topography area and low-mountain area on the south and north patrs. （2）Compared to all of the landscape types，FI of construction land，FD of barren land，FN and vulnerability of landscape types （VI） for low coverage grassland is the highest．The value of FD ,VC and SE is the main factors for VI，but for the low coverage grassland the value of FN is pacing factor. （3）The regional eco-environment vulnerability （EVI） of Tomur region has strong spatial autocorrelation，which is impacted by natural factors (soil，topography，vegetation) and human factors （human interference）. （4）The index of EVI is characterized as a spatial trend which is low in the north part and high in the south patr. Natural factors are the dominant interference for the higher vulnerability region （7-9），both human activities and natural factors have great effect to the fragile region （4-6），for the low vulnerability region （1-3） the main factors of the fragile ecological environment is human activities. （5）Combined with the region of EVI，local natural features，and social and economic development，the study area can be classified into protected areaⅠ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ. Finally，for different types of protected areas，the local government can implement differential protected policies． |
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| Keywords: | Tomur world natural heritages site eco-environment vulnerability spatial variation functional regions |
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