| 探测环境对北京气象站气温观测值的影响分析 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 李林,孙赫敏,乔晓燕,范雪波,孙雪琪,杜传耀,于丽萍. 探测环境对北京气象站气温观测值的影响分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 120-126. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2019.04.017 |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 李林 孙赫敏 乔晓燕 范雪波 孙雪琪 杜传耀 于丽萍 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 北京城市气象研究院,北京100089;北京市气象探测中心,北京100089;北京市气象探测中心,北京,100089 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1506801）、北京市自然科学基金（8172050）、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（IUMKY201732）和北京市科技计划（Z161100004516018）共同资助。 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为深入了解气象探测环境对气温观测数据的影响，利用2017年北京市观象台（54511）与南海子站（A1274）逐小时地面气象要素数据，分析两站气温差异以及因站点探测环境导致的日照、风速和降水对两站气温差异的影响。结果表明：2017年两站气温差异较明显，年平均气温54511站比A1274站高0.75℃；两站逐月平均气温54511站全年高于A1274站，两站差值7月最低为0.60℃，9月最高为1.09℃；两站平均日最高气温较接近，平均日最低气温差异较大，54511站较A1274站高1.24℃；两站气温的日变化特征相似，呈单峰分布，54511站气温日较差低于A1274站。两站小时气温差值随着日照时长和强度的增加而增加，短波辐射效应最强的10-14时和长波辐射效应最强的19-23时两站气温差值与当日白天直接辐射曝辐量的相关系数分别为0.459和0.601；水平风速对两站气温差值的影响较大。水平风速超过5 m·s-1时，两站气温差小于0.1℃；当水平风速不超过1 m·s-1时，两站观测气温差值达到1.28℃；降水天气下两站的气温差值小于非降水天气，出现降水时次54511站平均气温仅比A1274站高0.2℃。两站相距4.3 km，气候均一，测站周边2 km范围内建设用地占比54511站比A1274站高约30%，植被占比低28%，水体占比相差不大。另外，54511站附近的五环路具有低反射率和高热容的特征，白天能够吸收太阳辐射储存较多的热量，这些热量在夜间释放，可能是两站探测环境对太阳辐射吸收的差异决定了两站温差受太阳辐射和风速的影响较大，而受降水影响较小。
|
| 关 键 词： | 站点环境 气温 辐射 风速 降水 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-18 |
Influence of environmental conditions on temperature observation from the weather station in Beijing |
| |
| LI Lin,SUN He-min,QIAO Xiao-yan,FAN Xue-bo,SUN Xue-qi,DU Chuan-yao,YU Li-ping. Influence of environmental conditions on temperature observation from the weather station in Beijing[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2019, 35(4): 120-126. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2019.04.017 |
| |
| Authors: | LI Lin SUN He-min QIAO Xiao-yan FAN Xue-bo SUN Xue-qi DU Chuan-yao YU Li-ping |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Urban Meteorology, CMA, Beijing 100089, China;2. Beijing Meteorological Observation Center, Beijing 10089, China |
| |
| Abstract: | In order to gain insights into the influence of environmental conditions on air temperature observation,the difference of temperature between the two stations and its response to the sunshine,wind speed and precipitation caused by different observation circumstances were investigated using the ground-based meteorological data of Beijing (54511) and Nanhaizi (A1274) weather stations in 2017.The results suggest that the significant difference in air temperature in 2017 is attributed to the differences in environmental conditions.The annual average temperature at the 54511 station is 0.75℃ higher than that at A1274 station,and the monthly average air temperature at the 54511 station is higher than that at A1274 station for each month.In addition,the smallest and largest differences of monthly mean air temperature between two stations are 0.60℃ in July and 1.09℃ in September,respectively.Moreover,the difference of mean daily maximum air temperatures between two stations is small,while that of mean daily minimum air temperature (MINT) is large and the MINT of 54511 station is 1.24℃ higher than that of A1274 station.Besides,the diurnal variations of air temperature at the two stations are similar and both show a single peak distribution,while diurnal temperature range and MINT of 54511 stations are smaller and larger than those of A1274 station,respectively.The difference in hourly air temperature (TD) between the two stations increases with duration and intensity of sunshine increasing.TDs during 10-14 o'clock and 19-23 o'clock when short-wave and long-wave effects are respectively strongest are significantly related to direct radiation in the daytime with relationship coefficients of 0.459 and 0.601.Also,horizontal wind speed has a great influence on the difference in temperature between the two stations.At the same time,the differences of the annual average temperature between the two stations are below 0.1℃ and above 1.28℃ when the wind speed exceeds 5 m·s-1 and is less than 1 m·s-1,respectively.The temperature difference between the two stations is smaller in the rainy day than in the non-rainy day.Specifically,air temperature in 54511 station is only 0.2℃ higher than that in A11274 station.The distance between the two stations is about 4.3 km,which indicates the climatological temperature of the two stations is homogeneous.The proportions of construction land,vegetation and water body in the 2 km area around the 54511 station are about 30% higher and 28% lower as well as similar relative to those of the A1274 station,respectively.In addition,the Fifth Ring Road near the 54511 station is of the characteristics of low reflectivity and high heat capacity and is able to absorb solar radiation and store more heat in the daytime,and then releases this heat in the nighttime.Altogether,the temperature difference between the two stations is greatly affected by solar radiation and wind speed,but less affected by precipitation,owing to the difference in environmental conditions. |
| |
| Keywords: | Meteorological observatory environment Air temperature Solar radiation Wind speed Precipitation |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《气象与环境学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《气象与环境学报》下载全文 |
|
