| 全球高程基准研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 党亚民,蒋涛,陈俊勇. 全球高程基准研究进展[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2022, 47(10): 1576-1586. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20220234 |
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| 作者姓名： | 党亚民 蒋涛 陈俊勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国测绘科学研究院，北京，100830 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划2021YFB3900200国家重点研发计划2021YFB3900203国家自然科学基金42074020国家自然科学基金41974010 |
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| 摘 要： | 建立统一的全球高程基准是国际大地测量科学界的核心目标之一,也是全球尺度地球科学研究、跨境工程应用等的必要基础设施。国际大地测量协会（international geodesy association,IAG）2015年发布了国际高程参考系统的定义,并于2019年提出了建立国际高程参考框架的目标。从全球高程参考系统的理论基础和定义出发,对国际高程参考系统与框架的理论、方法和实际问题开展论述与研究,主要包括全球大地水准面重力位的确定、基于高阶重力场模型的重力位确定、基于区域重力场建模的重力位确定,并重点论述和分析了IAG组织的科罗拉多大地水准面建模试验和中国2020珠峰高程测量实现国际高程参考系统2项典型案例研究。结果表明,在平坦地区和一般山区,重力大地水准面模型精度能达到1 cm（重力位0.1 m2/s2）,即使在珠穆朗玛峰这样的特大山区,也有望达到2~3 cm精度（重力位0.2~0.3 m2/s2）。综合典型案例研究结果、观测技术、数据资源和区域分布等因素,提出了建立国际高程参考框架的初步策略,包括IHRF参考站布设、重力位确定方法、数据要求、应遵循的标准/约定和预期精度指标等,展望了光学原子钟与相对论大地测量对于全球高程基准统一的潜在贡献。
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| 关 键 词： | 全球高程基准 国际高程参考系统 国际高程参考框架 地球重力场模型 重力位 大地水准面 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-04-28 |
Review on Research Progress of the Global Height Datum |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China |
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| Abstract: | Establishing a unified global height datum is one of the core objectives of the international geodetic scientific community, and also a necessary infrastructure for geoscience research on a global scale and cross-border engineering applications. The international geodesy association (IAG) released the definition of international height reference system (IHRS) in 2015 and then in 2019 set out the goal of establishing the international height reference frame (IHRF). In this paper, the theory, methods and practical problems related to the IHRS and IHRF are reviewed and studied on the basis of the theoretical foundation and definition of the global height reference system. The main research contents include the determination of gravity potential of the global geoid, the determination of gravity potential based on high degree gravity field model, and the determination of gravity potential based on regional gravity field modeling. Two typical investigation cases are Colorado geoid model experiment organized by IAG and the realization of IHRS in 2020 Qomolangma height survey. The results of two typical cases demonstrate that the accuracy of gravimetric geoid model can reach 1 cm (0.1 m2/s2 in gravity potential) in flat areas and general mountainous areas, and it is expected to reach 2-3 cm accuracy (0.2-0.3 m2/s2 in gravity potential) even in very complex mountainous areas such as Mount Qomolangma. Based on the results of two case studies, a preliminary strategy for establishing the IHRF is proposed, including layout plan of IHRF reference stations, determination methods of IHRF related gravity potential, data requirements, standards/conventions to be followed and expected accuracy. In addition, we prospect the potential contributions of optical atomic clocks and relativistic geodesy to the unification of global height datum. |
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