| 一次飞机严重积冰的天气条件和云微物理特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 王泽林, 周旭, 吴俊辉, 等. 一次飞机严重积冰的天气条件和云微物理特征. 应用气象学报, 2022, 33(5): 555-567. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220504. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王泽林 周旭 吴俊辉 李佰平 蔺玉洁 闫文辉 张莹 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国飞行试验研究院，西安 710089;2.西北工业大学软件学院，西安 710072;3.中国气象局人工影响天气中心，北京 100081;4.中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室，北京 100081;5.上海市气象服务中心，上海 200030 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510305)； |
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| 摘 要： | 利用2021年2月28日机载探测资料, 结合欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析资料、陕西省延安站探空资料, 分析飞机发生严重积冰的天气背景和云的宏微观结构特征。此次严重积冰天气是受高空槽、低空切变线、低空急流和地面冷锋共同影响的结果。ERA5再分析资料表明:过冷水大值区主要分布于锋区前部暖侧的700 hPa至600 hPa高度。探空资料表明:飞机探测区环境温度为-9~-3℃, 温度露点差为0℃, 具有发生严重积冰的温度和湿度条件。飞机遭遇严重积冰期间环境温度为-8~-5℃, 云粒子探头观测的液态水含量平均为0.35 g·m-3, 最大为0.7 g·m-3;总水含量仪观测的液态水含量平均为0.5 g·m-3, 最大为0.85 g·m-3, 有11 min大于0.45 g·m-3;云粒子中值体积直径平均为20.3 μm, 云粒子数浓度平均为149.3 cm-3;云粒子数浓度由低层到高层呈增大趋势, 而云粒子中值体积直径变化趋势与之相反。计算表明:国王350飞机在穿云作业时, 云中过冷水含量分别高于0.04 g·m-3, 0.15 g·m-3和0.45 g·m-3时可能遭遇轻度积冰、中度积冰和严重积冰。
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| 关 键 词： | 飞机观测 飞机积冰 积冰强度 云微物理特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-16 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-07-07 |
Weather Conditions and Cloud Microphysical Characteristics of an Aircraft Severe Icing Process |
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| Wang Zelin, Zhou Xu, Wu Junhui, et al. Weather conditions and cloud microphysical characteristics of an aircraft severe icing process. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(5): 555-567. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220504. |
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| Authors: | Wang Zelin Zhou Xu Wu Junhui Li Baiping Lin Yujie Yan Wenhui Zhang Ying |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chinese Flight Test Establishment, Xi'an 710089;2. School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072;3. CMA Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100081;4. CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory, Beijing 100081;5. Shanghai Meteorological Service Center, Shanghai 200030 |
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| Abstract: | Based on the aircraft measurements on 28 February 2021, combined with ERA5 reanalysis data and sounding data, the weather background and the characteristics of cloud structure of a severe icing case on the aircraft are analyzed. The severe icing process is induced by the joint influence of high-level trough, low-level shear line, low-level jet and cold front. The ERA5 reanalysis data show that the maximum value area of supercooled water is mainly distributed at the height of 700 hPa to 600 hPa on the warm side of the front area and the ambient temperature is -4 to -12℃, accompanied by an upward movement of -0.2 to -0.8 Pa·s-1. The sounding data show that the cloud system is distributed in multiple layers. There is a deep dry layer between the upper ice crystal cloud and the lower supercooled water cloud. The temperature in the aircraft detection area is -9 to -3℃ and the dew-point spread is 0℃, which are favorable for icing. During the icing process, the air temperature is -8 to -5℃. Aircraft measurements show that there is abundant supercooled water in clouds. The average liquid water content by cloud particles probe is 0.35 g·m-3, and the maximum value is 0.7 g·m-3. The average liquid water content by total water content measurement probes is 0.5 g·m-3, the maximum value is 0.85 g·m-3, and for 11 minutes the liquid water content is larger than 0.45 g·m-3. The average median volume diameter of cloud particles is 20.3 μm, and the number concentration of cloud particles is 149.3 cm-3 on average. The number concentration of cloud particles tends to increase from low level to high level and vice versa for the median volume diameter of cloud particles. Finally, the conditions with different icing intensity that the King-air 350 aircraft may encounte during weather modification work in the cloud are discussed. The calculation shows that the King-air 350 aircraft carries out observation research or weather modification tasks when the liquid water content in the cloud is higher than 0.04 g·m-3, 0.15 g·m-3 and 0.45 g·m-3, it may encounter light, moderate, and severe icing, under certain conditions. |
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| Keywords: | aircraft measurements aircraft icing icing intensity cloud microphysical characteristics |
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