| 典型喀斯特流域降水与径流特征分析及径流年际变化的影响因素贡献分解 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 徐森, 狄崇利, 李思亮. 典型喀斯特流域降水与径流特征分析及径流年际变化的影响因素贡献分解[J]. 第四纪研究, 2017, 37(6): 1238-1250. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2017.06.08 |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 徐森 狄崇利 李思亮 |
| |
| 作者单位： | ①. 中国科学院地球化学研究所, 贵阳 550081; ②. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; ③. 天津大学表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（批准号：2016YFA0601000）和国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目（批准号：41571130072）共同资助 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 地下水文过程是地球关键带科学研究的重要问题，在具有地表地下二元水文结构的喀斯特地区，其水文过程与其他类型区差异显著，研究黔中典型喀斯特小流域后寨河流域降水与径流特征及径流年际变化的影响因素，有助于在区域视角上了解气候变化与人类活动影响下的喀斯特流域水文特征。本文基于贵州省普定县后寨河流域出口观测站1987~2006年实测降水、地表径流、地下径流序列水文数据，分析比较了后寨河流域降水、径流的年内与年际变化特征，并采用集中度与不均匀系数两个指标分析比较了流域降水与径流的年内分配特征。采用累积距平法、年际累积量法分析了流域降水量与径流量的年际变化趋势，确定出1990年与2002年两个拐点年份，其中1990年为突变年。运用累积量斜率变化率比较法定量计算出气候变化与人类活动对径流年际变化的贡献率：以人类活动影响较小的初始阶段T1（1987~1990年）为基准期，在不考虑潜在蒸散量的影响时，计算得到人类活动影响加剧的措施期T2（1991~2002年）时段降水量减少对于地表、地下径流量减少的贡献率分别为39.32%、46.52%，人类活动对于地表、地下径流量减少的贡献率分别为60.68%、53.48%；如果考虑潜在蒸散量的影响，潜在蒸散量减少对于地表、地下径流量减少的贡献率分别为-14.89%、-17.61%，而人类活动对于地表、地下径流量减少的贡献率分别增至为75.57%、71.09%。可见，人类活动是后寨河流域径流量年际变化的主要驱动因素。
|
| 关 键 词： | 径流 集中度 不均匀系数 累积距平法 累积量斜率变化率比较法 喀斯特流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-05-21 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017-08-18 |
Analysis of characteristics of precipitation and runoff in the typical karst catchment and contribution decomposition on influencing factors of interannual runoff variation |
| |
| Xu Sen, Di Chongli, Li Siliang. Analysis of characteristics of precipitation and runoff in the typical karst catchment and contribution decomposition on influencing factors of interannual runoff variation[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2017, 37(6): 1238-1250. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2017.06.08 |
| |
| Authors: | Xu Sen Di Chongli Li Siliang |
| |
| Affiliation: | ①. Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081; ②. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; ③. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 |
| |
| Abstract: | The research of underground hydrological process plays an important role in the scientific research of the critical zone on the Earth. The hydrological process in karst landscapes with double porosity system is different from other regions. Investigating the characteristics of precipitation and runoff and analyzing the influencing factors of the runoff interannual variation will help to understand the hydrological characteristics of karst catchment to the climate change and human activities in the regional perspective. The studied area (26°12'26"~26°17'20"N, 105°40'38"~105°48'13"E), the Houzhai catchment, is located in southern of Puding County, Guizhou Province, which has a total area of 81km2. Two streams, including the surface river and subterranean river flow at the northwest of this catchment, were studied. In this paper, the seasonal and interannual change characteristics of precipitation and runoff had been analyzed, and the concentration degree and unevenness coefficient indices were employed to analyze the temporal trend of seasonal precipitation and runoff distribution of the catchment based on the precipitation and runoff monthly time series observed data of Houzhai hydrological station in 1987~2006. The results indicated that:(1)The response of surface runoff and subterranean runoff to precipitation has lagged effect at the seasonal scale under the impacts of rain intensity, the surface soil moisture level, subterranean structure and agricultural activities used water; (2)Both surface runoff and subterranean runoff are largely affected by non-precipitation factors, what's more, the surface runoff is severely affected in the interannual; (3)The concentration and nonuniformity of subterranean runoff are more affected by precipitation than surface runoff, however, the concentration and nonuniformity is lower due to the subterranean fissure and conduit. The methods of cumulative anomaly and interannual accumulation were used to analyze the precipitation and runoff sequence interannual trend of Houzhai catchment over nearly 20 years, so as to identify the two turning points of 1990 and 2002, of which 1990 was the year of inflection point. The revised slope change ratio of cumulative quantity was used to calculate quantitatively the contribution rate of the precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and human activities to surface and subterranean runoff interannual variation. Take the year of inflection point as a boundary, the period of 1987~1990 (T1)is regarded as the base period that represents less effect period by human activities. With the increase of human activities, the period of 1991~2002 (T2)can be regarded as the measure period that represents more effect period by human activities. The results demonstrated that:(1)Without considering the influence of evapotranspiration in the area, the contribution rate of precipitation reduction to surface runoff and subterranean runoff decrease were 39.32% and 46.52% respectively in the period of T2 compared with the base period T1 (1987~1990), while the contribution rate of human activities to the surface runoff and subterranean runoff reduction were 60.68% and 53.48% respectively; (2)On the contrary, with considering the influence of potential evapotranspiration, the contribution rate of potential evapotranspiration reduction to the surface runoff and underground runoff decrease were -14.89% and -17.61% respectively in the period of T2, and the contribution rate of human activities to the surface runoff and subterranean runoff were increased to 75.57% and 71.09% respectively. Obviously, human activity was the dominant factor impacting the runoff yield interannual changes of the Houzhai catchment. |
| |
| Keywords: | runoff concentration ratio unevenness coefficient cumulative anomaly slope change ratio of cumulative quantity karst catchment |
|
| 点击此处可从《第四纪研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《第四纪研究》下载全文 |
|
