| 余震作用下堰塞坝体破坏及溃决过程大型振动台试验研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 石振明, 王友权, 彭铭, 许强. 2014: 余震作用下堰塞坝体破坏及溃决过程大型振动台试验研究. 工程地质学报, 22(1): 71-77. |
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| 作者姓名： | 石振明 王友权 彭 铭 许 强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.同济大学地下建筑与工程系 上海 200092;;2.同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室 上海 200092;;3.地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都理工大学 成都 610059 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41372272、 40972177），地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室科技减灾、重建家园开放研究基金（DZKJ-0805）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 山区特大地震往往导致大量堰塞湖，例如2008年汶川地震形成了至少257个堰塞湖，并且主震后发生了大量余震，这些余震可能会影响堰塞坝体的安全状态。通过大型振动台模型试验，研究了余震及库水耦合作用下堰塞坝体的破坏及溃决机理和过程。共进行了两组不同材料的振动台模型试验，分别模拟含黏粒较多且颗粒较小（坝体Ⅰ）和基本不含黏粒且颗粒较大（坝体Ⅱ）的两种坝体。在不同水位条件下进行振动台试验。研究成果表明：（1）地震和库水耦合作用下堰塞坝体的主要溃决方式是漫顶溢流，主要溃决过程为地震力使松散的堰塞坝体发生沉陷，库水渗入使沉陷加剧，最终水位上升漫过坝顶发生溢流冲蚀破坏。（2）地震一般不会直接引起堰塞坝体的破坏。地震力对坝体稳定性的主要影响是使坝体发生沉陷变形。在地震和库水耦合作用下，坝体沉陷比单一因素作用下更为剧烈，因此地震作用会使漫顶溢流提前发生。（3）地震和库水耦合作用下坝体Ⅰ沉陷量大于坝体Ⅱ，说明现实中由大粒径岩土体组成的堰塞坝体具有更好的稳定性。
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| 关 键 词： | 堰塞湖 堰塞坝 余震 溃决 振动台模型试验 漫坝 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-12-09 |
| 修稿时间： | 2014-01-09 |
LARGE SCALE SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON FAILURE AND BREACH PROCESS OF LANDSLIDE DAMS UNDER AFTERSHOCKS |
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| SHI Zhenming, WANG Youquan, PENG Ming, XU Qiang. 2014: LARGE SCALE SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON FAILURE AND BREACH PROCESS OF LANDSLIDE DAMS UNDER AFTERSHOCKS. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, 22(1): 71-77. |
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| Authors: | SHI Zhenming WANG Youquan PENG Ming XU Qiang |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092;;2.Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092;;3.State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059 |
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| Abstract: | Great earthquakes in mountainous areas usually cause large numbers of landslide dams. For example, at least 257 landslide dams formed during Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. Lots of aftershocks occurred after the major shock, which might influence the safety of these landslide dams. This paper presents the studies of large-scale shaking table tests on the breach mechanism and process of landslide dams under the coupled effect of aftershocks and water. Two groups of shaking table tests were conducted to simulate the behaviors of two types of landslide dams:one with cohesive materials and small particle size(Dam I) and the other without cohesive materials and with large particle size(Dam Ⅱ). The shaking table tests were conducted under different water depths. The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The main failure mode of landslide dams under the coupled effect of aftershocks and water is overtopping. The breach process is that:seismic force causes the subsidence of the loose landslide dams, seepage of water enlarges the subsidence value, finally, water level rises and overtops the dam crest and the dam fails by water erosion. (2)Earthquakes may not directly cause the failure of landslide dams. The main influence of earthquakes on landslide dams is causing subsidence of dam crest. The subsidence value under the coupled effect of aftershocks and water is larger than that under the effect of either factor. The subsidence induced by the earthquakes may bring forward the overtopping of landslide dams.(3)The subsidence of Dam Ⅰ is larger than that of Dam II under the coupled effect of earthquakes and water, which shows that landslide dams composed of rock and soils with larger particle size are more stable. |
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| Keywords: | Barrier lake Landslide dam Aftershock Dam breach Shaking table test Overtopping |
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