| 全球洋中脊系统的构造特征及其运动学意义 |
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| 引用本文： | 李江海,刘持恒,韩喜球. 全球洋中脊系统的构造特征及其运动学意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2019, 26(3): 154-162. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.5.8 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李江海 刘持恒 韩喜球 |
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| 作者单位： | 造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室;北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871;自然资源部第二海洋研究所海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州,310012 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会项目“印度洋靶区断裂系统及其控矿作用”(DY135-S2-1-01)和“多金属硫化物合同区资源勘探与评价”(DY135-S1-1-03)；科学技术部重大专项(2016ZX05033002)；国家重点研发课题(2016YFC0503301) |
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| 摘 要： | 本文将全球洋中脊系统作为研究整体，根据洋中脊的全球分布、运动学特征及其初始形成时与泛大陆的构造几何关系，将全球现今的洋中脊系统划分为内、外支洋中脊。外支洋中脊为探索者洋中脊-太平洋洋隆-东南印度洋中脊-西北印度洋中脊，起源于泛大洋及冈瓦纳大陆内部；内支洋中脊为西南印度洋中脊-大西洋中脊-北冰洋加科尔洋中脊，起源于泛大陆内部。两者之间通过俯冲带、转换断层以及弥散性板块边界实现全球板块构造在运动上的平衡，并保持地球的球形几何形态恒定。外支洋中脊在全球板块构造上造成泛大洋缩减，并持续被太平洋取代，直接推动了环太平洋俯冲带的形成；内支洋中脊造成大西洋盆、印度洋盆中生代以来持续扩张。中生代以来，外支洋中脊和内支洋中脊共同作用引起非洲板块、印度澳大利亚板块向北运动，新特提斯洋盆关闭，形成特提斯(阿尔卑斯山-喀尔巴阡山-扎格罗斯山-喜马拉雅山)碰撞造山带，并通过洋中脊扩张平衡了相关的岩石圈缩短。
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| 关 键 词： | 洋中脊 全球构造 板块运动 大洋盆地 幔柱生成带 构造演化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-26 |
Tectonic characteristics and kinematic significance for the global mid-ocean ridge system |
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| LI Jianghai,LIU Chiheng,HAN Xiqiu. Tectonic characteristics and kinematic significance for the global mid-ocean ridge system[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2019, 26(3): 154-162. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.5.8 |
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| Authors: | LI Jianghai LIU Chiheng HAN Xiqiu |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, we divided the global mid-ocean ridge into internal and external ridge systems, according to the global distribution and kinematics characteristics of mid-ocean ridges and their structural and geometric relations with Pangaea at the period of their initial formation. The external ridge system, originated from the interior of Panthalassa and the Gondwana continent, starts at the Explorer Ridge, runs through the East Pacific Rise, the Southeast Indian Ridge, the Central Indian Ridge and the Gulf of Aden, and ends at the Red Sea. The internal ridge system, on the other hand, originated from the interior of the supercontinent Pangaea, extends from the Southwest Indian Ridge to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Reykjanes Ridge, the Mohns Ridge, and ends at the Gakkel Ridge. The balance of global plate tectonics is achieved through the subduction-orogenic belt and diffuse plate boundaries between these two ridge systems to keep the spherical geometry of the Earth constant. The external ridge system has global tectonic significance. It is directly involved in the creation and development of the Pacific oceanic basin and extinction of the ancient Pacific plate. In contrast, the internal ridge system caused continuous expansion of the Atlantic and Indian oceanic basins since the Mesozoic. Also since the Mesozoic, the external and internal ridge systems are collectively responsible for the lithosphere shortening in the subduction or orogenic belt of the western Pacific and northern Tethys by the ridge expansion. |
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| Keywords: | mid-ocean ridge global tectonic plate movement oceanic basin plume generation zones tectonic evolution |
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