| 西风带和南亚季风对三江源雨季水汽输送及降水的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 廖爱民,刘九夫,张建云,姜广旭,郑锦涛,王妞. 西风带和南亚季风对三江源雨季水汽输送及降水的影响[J]. 水科学进展, 2019, 30(3): 348-358. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2019.03.004 |
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| 作者姓名： | 廖爱民 刘九夫 张建云 姜广旭 郑锦涛 王妞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100084; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（91647203；51609145） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了进一步明确西风带和南亚季风对三江源流域的水汽输送作用及对流域降水的影响，利用ERA-20C再分析数据集对三江源流域1948-2010年雨季水汽通量场进行经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function，EOF）分解，得到可表征西风带和南亚季风水汽输送在三江源流域强弱关系的经验正交函数模态及指标，揭示当西风带和南亚季风分别控制流域时的水汽输送和降水分布规律。结果表明:西风带控制流域水汽输送时，流域内部水汽输送方向为由西北向东南，西风带和南亚季风在流域南边界附近汇集，流域东部及南部（澜沧江源区大部，黄河源区东部）降水显著增加；南亚季风控制流域水汽输送时，流域内部水汽输送方向为由南向北，两支水汽输送路径在流域以北汇集，流域北部（长江源区大部，黄河源区偏北部）降水显著增加。西风带和南亚季风的水汽输送均对三江源流域具有重要作用，两支水汽输送路径分别控制流域时可引起流域内部不同区域降水的显著增加。
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| 关 键 词： | 三江源 西风带 南亚季风 水汽输送 降水 经验正交函数分解 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-09-18 |
Intercomparison of high-accuracy water level gauges in the scale of small experimental catchment |
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| LIAO Aimin,LIU Jiufu,ZHANG Jianyun,JIANG Guangxu,ZHENG Jintao,WANG Niu. Intercomparison of high-accuracy water level gauges in the scale of small experimental catchment[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2019, 30(3): 348-358. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2019.03.004 |
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| Authors: | LIAO Aimin LIU Jiufu ZHANG Jianyun JIANG Guangxu ZHENG Jintao WANG Niu |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China |
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| Abstract: | At present,high-accuracy water level data are urgently required for small experimental catchments. However,conventional water level gauges (WLGs) with an accuracy of one centimeter do not meet the need of high-accuracy water levels. To determine an applicable high-accuracy WLG for small experimental catchments,we primarily selected five types of relatively high-accuracy WLGs,and systematically compared these gauges under the following four conditions:a stationary water level,step-by-step increasing and decreasing water levels,a simulated food peak,and a natural rainfall-runoff process in situ. The results demonstrated that:① Based on the comprehensive absolute error,the accuracies of probing-needle,pressure-type model 2(i.e. capacitance-type),and magnetostriction WLGs were within 0.4 mm;② The accuracy of the float-type WLG was around 0.5 mm;③ The accuracy of the pressure-type model 1(i.e. resistance-type) WLG was higher than 1 mm;and ④ the magnetostriction WLG can accurately determine water level processes under the condition of low water head;therefore,this gauge is suitable for the measurement of high-accuracy water levels in small experimental catchments. These findings provide a significant reference for high-accuracy monitoring runoff,rainfall,evaporation,and infiltration processes. |
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| Keywords: | water level gauge high-accuracy intercomparison small experimental catchment |
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