Elastic characteristics and petrophysical modeling of the Jurassic tight sandstone in Sichuan Basin
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摘要:
近年来围绕四川盆地侏罗系陆相致密砂岩已取得了勘探突破，其中川中—川西过渡带具备形成大气田的地质条件，但对该套致密砂岩弹性性质变化规律的研究还较少，致使利用地震方法进行"甜点"储层预测的精度不高.本文利用四川盆地侏罗系沙溪庙组32块样品开展了系统的声学测量，在此基础上，分析了样品弹性性质的变化规律.结合X射线衍射矿物组分分析、扫描电镜、铸体薄片和岩石薄片特征确定了不同成岩作用对岩石储集性能的影响.研究结果表明，研究区致密砂岩储层表现为孔隙型储层，受差异性成岩作用影响，黏土含量、钙质含量和硅质含量的差异以及它们分布特征之间的差异对岩石弹性性质造成了很大的影响.在研究区对岩石物性及弹性性质有明显影响的成岩作用包括早期的钙质胶结作用、压实作用和溶蚀作用，因此针对不同时期的成岩作用对岩石弹性及物性的影响，利用接触-胶结模型、微分等效模量模型和临界孔隙度校正的Hashin-Shtrikman上限模型建立了研究区致密砂岩的岩石物理模型.
Abstract:In recent years, a breakthrough has been made in the hydrocarbon exploration of the Jurassic continental tight sandstone in Sichuan Basin. It has clarified that the transition zone between central and Western Sichuan has the geological conditions to form large-scale gas fields. However, there are few studies on the elastic properties of this set of tight sandstone, resulting in the low accuracy of "sweet spot" reservoir prediction using seismic methods. To solve this problem, this study uses 32 samples from the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin to conduct a systematic acoustic measurement, based on which the change pattern of seismic elastic properties of the samples are analyzed. The effects of different diagenesis on rock reservoir performance are determined by integrating X-ray diffraction mineral composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and thin section characteristics of castings and rocks. Results show that the tight sandstone reservoirs in the study area behave like a porous type, and is affected by differential diagenesis. The differences in clay, calcium and silica contents as well as their different distribution characteristics have a great impact on the elastic properties of rocks. The early calcitic cementation as well as the compaction and dissolution with intense plastic clastic particles has significant impact on the rock porosities and seismic elastic properties in the study area. Therefore, the petrophysial model of the tight sandstone in the study area is established by using a contact-cementation model, differential equivalent modulus model and the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bounds for critical porosity correction, respectively.
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Key words:
- Tight sandstone /
- Sichuan Basin /
- Differential diagenesis /
- Rock physical properties
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图 1
四川盆地沙溪庙组致密砂岩样品矿物组分三角图
Figure 1.
Petrological features of the tight sandstones of the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin
图 2
四川盆地致密砂岩的典型成岩作用微观特征
Figure 2.
Typical diagenetic processes for the tight sandstones in Sichuan Basin
图 3
研究区致密砂岩纵波速度与密度的交会图
Figure 3.
P-wave velocity versus density for the tight sandstone in the study area
图 4
致密砂岩样品纵波速度与横波速度的交会图
Figure 4.
P-wave velocity versus S-wave velocity for the tight sandstone in the study area
图 5
研究区致密砂岩样品孔隙度与渗透率的交会图
Figure 5.
Porosity versus permeability for the tight sandstone in the study area
图 6
研究区致密砂岩样品物性参数与黏土含量的交会图
Figure 6.
Porosity and permeability versus clay content for the tight sandstone in the study area
图 8
致密砂岩样品纵、横波速度随黏土含量变化关系
Figure 8.
Velocity varying with clay content for the tight sandstone of the Shaximiao Formation reservoirs
图 9
矿物组分对致密砂岩样品纵、横波速度及速度比的影响
Figure 9.
Effects of mineral composition on VP and VS and VP/VS of tight sandstone specimens
图 10
临界孔隙度校正的Hashin-Shtrikman模型与实际测试结果的对比图
Figure 10.
Comparison of between the Hashin-Shtrikman model which used the critical porosity corrected and actual test results
图 11
四川盆地致密砂岩岩石物理模型
Figure 11.
A novel petrophysical model for the tight sandstone of Sichuan Basin
图 12
四川盆地致密砂岩理论岩石物理模型与实际样品比较
Figure 12.
Comparison of the Sichuan Basin tight sandstone theoretical petrophysical model and actual samples
图 13
四川盆地致密砂岩样品纵波阻抗与纵横波速度比的测试结果与理论模型对比
Figure 13.
The impedence versus VP/VS comparison of test results with the Sichuan Basin tight sandstone modeling predictions
表 1
致密砂岩样品矿物组分特征与岩石物理测试结果数据表
Table 1.
Mineral composition and petrophysical test results of tight sandstone samples
样品号 长度/cm 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 方解石/% 黏土总量/% 密度/(g·cm-3) 含水饱和度/% 纵波速度/(m·s-1) 横波速度/(m·s-1) 速度比 C1 6.87 6.82 0.027 15.2 11.6 2.55 100 4926 3122 1.578 C2 6.97 1.04 0.005 24.9 3.5 2.65 100 5704 3456 1.65 C3 6.91 0.6 0.003 17.3 2 2.64 100 5674 3418 1.66 C4 6.86 9.54 0.012 2.2 10.8 2.5 100 4850 2833 1.712 C5 6.72 2.6 0.003 3.6 19.8 2.61 100 5243 2954 1.775 C6 6.67 5.02 0.002 1.4 20.8 2.56 100 5225 2977 1.755 C7 6.93 6.74 0.27 5.6 16 2.55 100 4895 2784 1.758 C8 6.58 3.4 0.013 2.6 16.7 2.57 100 5087 2912 1.747 C9 7.21 6.77 0.012 5.1 12.5 2.54 100 5164 3051 1.693 C10 6.69 7.13 0.05 5.2 11.8 2.54 100 5108 3042 1.679 C11 7.02 3.39 0.003 3.9 19.7 2.61 100 5001 2911 1.718 C12 6.78 5.92 0.046 21.3 13.1 2.65 100 5233 2938 1.781 C13 6.09 6.98 0.062 2.5 12.3 2.54 100 5060 2893 1.749 C14 5.88 7.1 0.078 5 8.9 2.53 100 5238 3024 1.732 C15 6.23 9.37 0.11 1.5 12.5 2.53 100 4863 3002 1.62 C16 6.2 8.02 0.068 2.8 10.1 2.49 100 5137 2871 1.789 C17 6.42 8.33 0.077 3.3 9.7 2.48 100 4973 2762 1.801 C18 6.61 9.54 0.27 3.1 9.5 2.49 100 4965 2711 1.831 C19 6.54 8.17 0.12 0.5 14.2 2.48 100 4841 2718 1.781 C20 6.55 6.4 0.063 0.4 13.4 2.53 100 5043 2859 1.764 C21 5.68 6.77 0.071 0.3 10.3 2.54 100 5066 2850 1.778 C22 6.07 8.71 0.083 0.1 12.4 2.54 100 5036 2811 1.792 C23 5.1 2.3 0.008 19.6 7.5 2.63 100 5698 3616 1.576 C24 5.1 8.9 0.281 24.4 4.1 2.45 100 5447 3365 1.619 C25 5.1 9.5 0.355 23.1 4.9 2.59 100 5301 3333 1.59 C26 5.1 5.4 0.125 20.1 5.3 2.57 100 5829 3394 1.717 C27 5.1 6.2 0.163 34.5 2.3 2.57 100 5704 3688 1.547 C28 5.1 6.6 0.236 15.5 5.1 2.45 100 5249 3332 1.575 C29 5.1 10.6 0.438 19.2 1.7 2.52 100 5978 3693 1.619 C30 5.1 6.1 0.238 32.7 2.6 2.47 100 4845 3017 1.606 C31 5.1 12.8 0.868 13.6 1.1 2.47 100 4949 3102 1.595 C32 5.1 10.1 0.477 20.2 1.6 注：1 mD=0.987×10-15m2. 
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表 2
单矿物弹性参数表
Table 2.
Elastic parameters of single mineral
矿物名称 K/GPa G/GPa 泊松比 石英 39 44 0.06 长石 37.5 15 0.32 黏土 17.5 7.5 0.33 方解石 76.8 32 0.32
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