| 白龙江中上游泥石流形成条件与成灾模式探讨 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨强, 王高峰, 李金柱, 李荣建, 高幼龙, 丁伟翠. 白龙江中上游泥石流形成条件与成灾模式探讨[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2022, 33(6): 70-79. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202107021 |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨强 王高峰 李金柱 李荣建 高幼龙 丁伟翠 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西安理工大学岩土工程研究所，陕西 西安 710048;; 2.中国地质环境监测院（自然资源部地质灾害技术指导中心），北京 100081;; 3.中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心，河北 保定 071051;; 4.中国地质科学院，北京 100037 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20190628；DD20190638；DD20190646） |
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| 摘 要： | 白龙江中上游泥石流发育极为严重，危害、威胁巨大，研究该区泥石流的成灾模式和致灾模式对泥石流灾害防治、国土空间规划、生态文明建设具有重要的科学意义和实践指导价值。文中在分析白龙江流域中上游241条泥石流形成条件的基础上，对泥石流的成灾模式、致灾模式及泥石流防治进行了分析。研究结果表明：（1）泥石流受地形地貌影响显著，高差大于1000 m占总数74.3%，主沟沟床纵比降>200‰占总数93.4%；（2）众多滑坡体物源沿着坪定-化马断裂带呈条带状分布，泥石流物源主要来源于千枚岩、变质砂岩、残坡积层、黄土等软弱地层的崩塌、滑坡体，物源分布与下伏基岩坡向关系不大；（3）该区泥石流按地貌特征分主要有沟谷型泥石流（占总数69.7%）、坡面型泥石流（占总数30.3%），基于固体物质补给方式划分泥石流成灾模式主要有重力侵蚀补给型（占总数71%）、坡面侵蚀冲蚀补给型（占总数10%）、沟床侵蚀补给型（占总数19%）；（4）泥石流主要的致灾模式为溃决-冲毁、冲积-淤埋、爬高-堆积、侵蚀-坍塌、淤埋-掩埋、堰塞-次生灾害；（5）重力侵蚀补给型泥石流重点防治沟内重大灾害体，坡面侵蚀冲蚀补给型泥石流防治以拦挡、排导工程为主，沟道侵蚀补给型泥石流防治以清淤、排导为主。
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| 关 键 词： | 白龙江 泥石流 物源 成灾模式 致灾模式 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-27 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-05-10 |
Formation conditions and the disaster modes of debris flows along middle and upper reaches of the Bailongjiang River Basin |
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| YANG Qiang, WANG Gaofeng, LI Jinzhu, LI Rongjian, GAO Youlong, DING Weicui. Formation conditions and the disaster modes of debris flows along middle and upper reaches of the Bailongjiang River Basin[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2022, 33(6): 70-79. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202107021 |
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| Authors: | YANG Qiang WANG Gaofeng LI Jinzhu LI Rongjian GAO Youlong DING Weicui |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710048, China;; 2.China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring （Guide Center of Prevention Technology for Geo-hazards, MNR）, Beijing 100081;; 3.Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of CGS, Baoding, Hebei 071051, China;; 4.Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China |
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| Abstract: | Debris flows are extremely serious along middle and upper reaches of Bailongjiang River Basin. It is of great scientific significance and practical value to study the disaster mode and hazard mode of debris flows in this area for disaster prevention, land space planning and ecological civilization construction. Based on the analysis of formation conditions of 241 debris flows in the middle and upper reaches of Bailongjiang River Basin, the disaster-forming, hazard modes and prevention of debris flows are analyzed. The results show that: (1) Debris flows are greatly affected by topography and landform, with height differences greater than 1000 m accounting for 74.3% of the total, and the longitudinal ratio of the main ditch bed being >200‰ accounting for 93.4% of the total. (2) Most of landslide sources are mainly distributed along the Pingding-Huama Fault Zone in a strip shape. Debris flows material source mainly comes from the collapse and landslide of the soft strata such as phyllite, metamorphic sandstone, residual slope deposit and Loess. The distribution of sediment source has little relationship with the slope aspect direction of underlying bedrock. (3) According to the landform characteristics, the debris flows in this area mainly include gully debris flows (69.7%) and slope debris flows (30.3%). According to the mode of solid material supply, the main debris flows disaster mode is gravity erosion supply type (71%), slope erosion supply type (10%) and gully erosion supply type (19%). (4) The main hazard modes of debris flows are burst-erosion, alluvial-silting, climbing-stacking, erosion-collapse, silting-burying, and barrier-secondary hazard. (5) The gravity erosion-recharge type debris flow is mainly to prevent and control the major disaster bodies in the gully. Slope erosion-recharge type debris flows are mainly based on blocking and drainage works. Gully erosion-recharge type debris flows are mainly based on desilting and drainage works. |
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| Keywords: | the Bailongjiang River basin debris flow sediment source disaster mode hazard mode |
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