| 震前地声与动物异常关系的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋锦昌, 刘向群. 1981: 震前地声与动物异常关系的研究. 地震学报, 3(4): 429-439. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋锦昌 刘向群 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院生物物理研究所 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文根据近十年来我国地声观测的某些结果, 分析了地声的时-空分布特点, 并估计了透入基岩面上和水面中的声压.同时与震前动物异常特点, 以及与人和某些动物的听觉和振动感受器的敏感阈值进行了比较.最后, 对唐山余震期间同时段内鱼和地声活动的观察结果, 进行了相关分析.其结果如下:1.地声和动物异常的时-空分布图式基本相似, 并可认为都是临震前兆.2.三级左右地震震中附近地区, 地声透入基岩面上和水面中的声压, 在150——250赫芝频段内, 分别为23——19分贝和90——86分贝.由此可见, 人耳是不可能感觉到的, 但是通常在地面上栖息的猫、狗、雉和穴居的鼠是可能觉察到的, 而骨鳔鱼类可能优先于这些陆生动物觉察到水中的地声信息.同时, 基岩面位移的垂直振幅约为10-7厘米.这虽比某些动物的振动感受器的阈振幅约低3个数量级.但可推测, 在强烈地震前的地面位移的垂直振幅可达到或超过微米量级.这就可能为这些动物的振动感受器觉察到.3.相距约20公里的鱼和地声活动观察点, 同期内的观察结果表明, 它们共同反映了同一地区内的唐山余震活动.同时, 鱼和地声活动的日频度序列之间具有一定的互相关性.
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A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND ANIMAL UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR PRIOR TO EARTHQUAKES |
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| JIANG JIN-CHANG, LIU XIANG-QUNcom ivasic personality . 1981: A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND ANIMAL UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR PRIOR TO EARTHQUAKES. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 3(4): 429-439. |
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| Authors: | JIANG JIN-CHANG LIU XIANG-QUNcom ivasic personality |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Biophysics, Academia, Sinica |
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| Abstract: | This paper is an analysis of some observed results of acoustic emission prior to earthquakes, occurred in the last ten years in China for the temporal and space distribution pattern of such acoustic emission before large earthquake events and an estimation of the transmitted sound pressure above the bed rock and in surface water. The distribution pattern was then compared with that of the animal unusual behaviors before earthquakes. Besides, the threshold values of sensation to hearing and vibration of human and some animals have also been compared. Finally, a cross-correlation analysis of the observed acoustic emission and the activities of fishes during the aftershock period of the Tangshan earthquake for the same time intervals was made. The results are as follows:1. The pattern of temporal and space distribution of acoustic emission and animal anomalous behavior before earthquakes are generally similar. They are commonly referred to as the earthquake short-term precursors.2. Transmitted sound pressure of acoustic emission before an earthquake of the magnitude around 3 near the epicentral region above the bed rock and in the surface water equals respectively to 23-19 db and 90-86 db in the frequency band of 150-250 Hz. It can be seen that human ears, are not able to sense this sound pressure level on ground surface, but possibly cats, dogs and pheasants living on ground surface and usually rates living in holes, can sense it, and perhaps teleost fishes are superior to ground animals in sensing acoustic emission prior to earthquakes. At the same time, the vertical amplitude of displacement of the bed rock surface amounts to about 10-7cm. Although this value is about 3 orders of magnitude lower than the amplitude thresholds of sensation to vibration for some animals, we might infer that the vertical amplitude of ground surface displacement before strong earthquakes can be of the order of microns or more, so that they should be able to sense the vibrations.3. When the observational sites for the activities of fishes and acoustic emission are about 20 km apart, the results show not only that they reflect the aftershock activity of the same regions in Tangshan but also certain cross-correlation between the sequences of daily frequency of activities of fishes and acoustic emission. |
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