长江三峡水坝下游河道悬沙恢复和床沙补给机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb201607012

PDF(2921 KB)

地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (7) : 1241-1254. DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201607012

地貌

长江三峡水坝下游河道悬沙恢复和床沙补给机制

杨云平^1,²(), 张明进¹, 李义天², 张为², 由星莹^2,³, 朱玲玲⁴, 王冬⁵

作者信息 +

Suspended sediment recovery and bedsand compensation mechanism affected by the Three Gorges Project

Yunping YANG¹(), Mingjin ZHANG¹, Yitian LI², Wei ZHANG², Xingying YOU^2,³, Lingling ZHU⁴, Dong WANG⁵

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

流域水库工程的修建,将改变坝下游原有的水沙输移过程,三峡水库蓄水作用对坝下游水沙输移的影响已初步显现。具体表现为：① 三峡水库坝下游洪水持续时间和流量被削减,下泄沙量大幅减少,沿程上输沙量虽得到一定恢复,但总量仍未超过蓄水前多年均值;② 2003-2014年d > 0.125 mm（粗）输沙量得到一定恢复,至监利站恢复程度最大,基本达到蓄水前均值,在恢复后其下游该组分泥沙冲淤特性与蓄水前一致,其中2008-2014年恢复程度弱于2003-2007年;③ 三峡水库蓄水后坝下游d < 0.125="" mm="" d=""> 0.125 mm泥沙输移量因河床补给作用,沿程上得到恢复,但补给量将不超过0.44亿t/y,主要受制于洪水持续时间及流量均值,而上游干流、河段间支流和湖泊分汇作用占次要地位,而d < 0.125 mm悬沙恢复受上游干流、区间支流和湖泊分汇及河床补给控制,因河床粗化使得床沙对细颗粒悬沙的补给作用减弱;⑤ 2003-2007年和2008-2014年两时段间宜昌至枝城、上荆江为粗细均冲,下荆江为淤粗冲细,汉口至大通河段为淤粗冲细,城陵矶至汉口河段2003-2007年为淤粗冲细,2008-2014年为粗细均冲,这一差异受控于螺山站洪水流量持续时间和量值。

Abstract

Construction of basin reservoir projects can change the water and sediment transport processes in the lower reaches. The effects of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) on water and sediment transport in lower reaches are emerging. Specifically: (1) The duration and volume of floods in the lower reaches of TGP declined sharply. The sediment value was of such a low concentration that the water was nearly clear. The suspended sediment discharge gradually recovered downwards but its total amount still could not outcompete the annual average of that before the impoundment of TGP. (2) The sediment with d > 0.125 mm recovered to some extent in 2003-2014 (more in 2003-2007 than in 2008-2014) and basically recovered to the average value before the impoundment at the Jianli Station. After recovery, its transport trend in the lower reaches was in line with that before the impoundment. (3) After the impoundment, sediment with d < 0.125="" mm="" recovered="" to="" some="" extent="" but="" its="" total="" amount="" was="" still="" less="" than="" the="" average="" of="" before="" the="" impoundment.="" 4="" the="" recovery="" of="" sediment="" with="" d=""> 0.125 mm was mainly from river-bed erosion but with an amount not exceeding 44 million t/y which was primarily limited by duration and average flow of floods and secondarily by the upper mainstream, tributaries between river sections and the sub-sink effects of lakes. Recovery of the suspended sediment with d < 0.125 mm was controlled by the upper mainstream, tributaries between river sections, the sub-sinks of lakes and river-bed compensation. The suspended sediment compensation from river-bed decreased due to the coarsening of bedsands. (4) In 2003-2007 and 2008-2014, both coarse and fine sands were eroded in the Yichang-Zhicheng section in the upper Jingjiang River while coarse sands deposited and fine sands eroded in the lower Jingjiang River. In the Hankou-Datong section, coarse sands deposited and fine sands eroded. From 2003 to 2007, coarse sands deposited while fine sands eroded in the Chenglingji-Hankou section. In 2008-2014, both coarse and fine sands eroded in the Chenglingji-Hankou section. The differences were caused by the duration and volume of the floods in the Luoshan Station.

导出引用

杨云平, 张明进, 李义天, 张为, 由星莹, 朱玲玲, 王冬. 长江三峡水坝下游河道悬沙恢复和床沙补给机制[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(7): 1241-1254 https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201607012

Yunping YANG, Mingjin ZHANG, Yitian LI, Wei ZHANG, Xingying YOU, Lingling ZHU, Dong WANG. Suspended sediment recovery and bedsand compensation mechanism affected by the Three Gorges Project[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(7): 1241-1254 https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201607012

参考文献

[1]	Benn Patrick C, Erskine Wayne D.Complex channel response to flow regulation: Cudgegong River below Windamere Dam, Australia. Applied Geography, 1994, 14(2): 153-168. doi: 10.1016/0143-6228(94)90058-2.
[2]	Williams G P, Wolman M G.Downstream effects of dams on alluvial rivers//Geological Survey Professional Paper 1286 U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1984, 1286.
[3]	Hydrology Bureau, Changjiang Water Resource Commission. Analysis of river bed erosion downstream from Danjiangkou reservoir in period of retardation and period of water impoundment//Sediment Research of Three Gorge Project (7). Beijing: Beijing Intellectual Property Press, 2002: 75-82.
[3]	[长江水利委员会水文局. 丹江口水库下游河道滞洪期与蓄水期冲刷对比分析//长江三峡工程泥沙问题研究(第七卷) . 北京: 北京知识产权出版社, 2002: 75-82.]
[4]	Chen jianguo, Zhou Wenhao, Yuan Yuping. Transportation and adjustment of different grain sized sediment along the Lower Yellow River under typical operation modes of Sanmenxia Reservoir. Journal of Sediment Research, 2002(2): 15-22.
[4]	[陈建国, 周文浩, 袁玉萍. 三门峡水库典型运用时段黄河下游粗细泥沙的输移和调整规律. 泥沙研究, 2002(2): 15-22.]
[5]	Dai S B, Yang S L, Li M.The sharp decrease in suspended sediment supply from China's rivers to the sea: Anthropogenic and natural causes. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2009, 54(1): 134-146. doi: 10.1623/hysj.54.1.135.
[6]	Dai S B, Lu X X, Yang S L, et al.A preliminary estimate of human and natural contributions to the decline in sediment flux from the Yangtze River to the China Sea. Quaternary International, 2008, 186(1): 43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint. 2007.11.018.
[7]	Yang Yunping, Li Yitian, Sun Zhaohua, et al.Suspended sediment load in the turbidity maximum zone at the Yangtze River Estuary: The trends and causes. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014, 24(1): 129-142. doi: 10.1007/s11442-014-1077-3.
[8]	Yang Yunping, Deng Jinyun, Zhang Mingjin, et al.The synchronicity and difference in the change of suspended sediment concentration in the Yangtze River Estuary. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2015, 25(4): 399-416. doi: 10.1007/s11442-015-1176-9.
[9]	Li Yitian, Sun Zhaohua, Deng Jinyun.A study on riverbed erosion downstream from the Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2003, 11(3): 283-295. DOI:10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2003.03.009.
[9]	[李义天, 孙昭华, 邓金运. 论三峡水库下游的河床冲淤变化. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2003, 11(3): 283-295.]
[10]	Chen Fei, Li Yitian, Tang Jinwu, et al.Analysis of group-sized sediment transports downstream a reservoir. Journal of Hydroelectric engineering, 2010, 29(1): 164-170.
[10]	[陈飞, 李义天, 唐金武, 等. 水库下游分组沙冲淤特性分析. 水力发电学报, 2010, 29(1): 164-170.]
[11]	Guo Xiaohu, Li Yitian, Qu Geng, et al.Analysis of sediment transport in Middle Yangtze River after filling of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Sediment Research, 2014, (5): 11-17.
[11]	[郭小虎, 李义天, 渠庚, 等. 三峡工程蓄水后长江中游泥沙输移规律分析. 泥沙研究, 2014, (5): 11-17.]
[12]	Luo X X, Yang S L, Zhang J.The impact of the Three Gorges Dam on the downstream distribution and texture of sediments along the middle and lower Yangtze River (Changjiang) and its estuary and subsequent sediment dispersal in the East China Sea, Geomorphology, 2012, 179(1): 126-140. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.05.034
[13]	Li Qiongfang, Yu Meixiu, Lu Guobin, et al.Impacts of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges reservoirs on the sediment regime in the Yangtze River, China. Journal of Hydrology, 2011, 403(3-4): 224-233. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.043.
[14]	Ban Xuan, Jiang Liuzhi, Zeng Xiaohui, et al.Quantifying the spatio-temporal variation of flow and sediment in the middle Yangtze River after the impoundment of the Three Gorges. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(5): 650-657.
[14]	[班旋, 姜刘志, 曾小辉, 等. 三峡水库蓄水后长江中游水沙时空变化的定量评估. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(5): 650-657.]
[15]	Yang S L, Xu K H, Milliman J D, et al.Decline of Yangtze River water and sediment discharge: Impact from natural and anthropogenic changes. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 12581. doi: 10.1038/srep12581.
[16]	Yang S L, Milliman J D, Xu K H, et al.Downstream sedimentary and geomorphic impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River. Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 138: 469-486. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.07.006.
[17]	Dai Zhijun, Chu Ao, Stive Marcel, et al.Is the Three Gorges Dam the cause behind the extremely low suspended sediment discharge into the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary of 2006? Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2011, 56(7): 1280-1288. doi: 10.1080/02626667.2011.585136.
[18]	Han Qiwei. ReservoirSiltation.Beijing: Science Press, 2003: 582-607.
[18]	[韩其为. 水库淤积. 北京:科学出版社, 2003: 582-607.]
[19]	Sun Zhaohua, Li Yitian, Ge Hua, et al.Channel erosion processes of transitional reach from gravel river bed to sand bed in middle Yangtze River. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2011, 42(7): 789-797. doi: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2011.07.002.
[19]	[孙昭华, 李义天, 葛华, 等. 长江中游砂卵石—沙质河床过渡带冲刷趋势研究. 水利学报, 2011, 42(7): 789-797.]
[20]	Xia Junqiang, Zong Quanli, Deng Shanshan, et al.Seasonal variations in composite riverbank stability in the Lower Jingjiang Reach, China. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 519: 3664-3673. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.061.
[21]	Hu Chaoyang, Wang Erpeng, Wang Xinqiang.Analysis of channel evolution under combined action of reservoir and channel sand excavation. Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering, 2015, 26(3): 178-183. doi: 1011705/j.issn.1672-643X.2015.03.37.
[21]	[胡朝阳, 王二朋, 王新强. 水库与河道采砂共同作用下的河道演变分析. 水资源与水工程学报, 2015, 26(3): 178-183.]
[22]	Wang Yangui, Liu Xi, Shi Hongling.Variations and influence factors of runoff and sediment in the Lower and Middle Yangtze River. Journal of Sediment Research, 2014(5): 38-47.
[22]	[王延贵, 刘茜, 史红玲. 长江中下游水沙态势变异及主要影响因素. 泥沙研究, 2014(5): 38-47.]
[23]	Huang Zhaobiao, Li Ming.The prototype observation report of Yichang to Anqing reaches of the Yangtze River. Wuhan: Yangtze River Channel Planning and Design Institute, 2016: 15-16.
[23]	[黄召彪, 李明. 长江干线宜昌至安庆河段原型观测分析报告. 武汉: 长江航道规划设计研究院, 2015: 15-16.]
[24]	Zheng Shouren.Risk analysis of implementing middle-small flood dispatch by Three Gorges Project and countermeasures. Yangtze River, 2015, 46(5): 7-12.
[24]	[郑守仁. 三峡水库实施中小洪水调度风险分析及对策探讨. 人民长江, 2015, 46(5): 7-12.]