热带海洋学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 147-155.doi: 10.11978/2021108CSTR: 32234.14.2021108

• 海洋生物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020年冬季大亚湾西南海域主要渔业生物碳氮稳定同位素研究

张婉茹1,2(), 刘庆霞2,3, 黄洪辉1,2,3(), 覃晓青2, 李佳俊2, 陈建华1()   

  1. 1.江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院, 江苏 连云港 222005
    2.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广东 广州 510300
    3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东 广州 511485
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-25 修回日期:2021-12-02 发布日期:2021-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 黄洪辉,陈建华
  • 作者简介:张婉茹(1997—), 女, 山东省烟台市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋生态与环境科学研究。email: zhangwanru0617@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1407501);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0402);广东省科技计划项目(2020B1212060001);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2020TD15);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2021SD03);农业农村部财政专项项目(NFZX2021)

Study on stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen of main fishery organisms in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay, South China Sea in winter 2020

ZHANG Wanru1,2(), LIU Qingxia2,3, HUANG Honghui1,2,3(), QIN Xiaoqing2, LI Jiajun2, CHEN Jianhua1()   

  1. 1. Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Lianyungang 222005, China
    2. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
    3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2021-12-02 Published:2021-12-13
  • Contact: HUANG Honghui,CHEN Jianhua
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1407501);Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0402);Guangdong Provincial Science and technology plan project(2020B1212060001);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS(2020TD15);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS(2021SD03);Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China(NFZX2021)

摘要:

为了解大亚湾西南海域食物网的营养结构特征, 本研究于2020年1月份使用底拖网采集了该海域的渔业生物, 并分析了35种主要渔业生物的碳氮稳定同位素值。根据δ13C和δ15N值, 计算出该海域食物网6种营养结构的生态指标和主要渔业生物的营养级, 并绘制了连续营养谱。本次调查渔业生物主要为鱼类和虾蟹类, 鱼类的δ13C和δ15N值范围分别为-17.63‰ ~ -14.85‰和12.92‰~15.46‰, 平均值分别为-16.47‰和13.80‰; 虾蟹类的δ13C和δ15N值范围分别为-17.67‰ ~ -15.51‰和11.05‰~12.62‰, 平均值分别为-16.30‰和11.85‰。根据δ15N值, 用相加模型(trophic position by the additive model, TPA)和缩比模型(trophic position by the scaled model, TPS)分别计算了主要渔业生物的营养级, 结果显示两个模型计算的结果无显著性差异(P>0.1), 呈现鱼类平均营养级>虾蟹类的趋势。本研究发现大亚湾西南海域食物网初始食物来源较为单一, 存在食物链营养层级较少和长度不足, 食物网营养级多样性较低和营养结构冗余程度高的现象。与30多年前相比, 大亚湾近年高营养级生物量减少, 食物网结构由复杂趋向简单化, 生态系统稳定性较差。本研究结果不仅为了解大亚湾食物网结构组成提供了基础资料, 也为保护大亚湾渔业资源, 维持生态系统结构的稳定性提供参考依据。

关键词: 大亚湾, 渔业生物, 碳氮稳定同位素, 营养结构

Abstract:

To understand the trophic structure of food webs in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay, 35 fishery organisms were collected by bottom trawl in January 2020, and the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) of the fishery organisms were analyzed. Based on the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, six quantitative ecological indicators for nutritional structure of the food web and the trophic levels of the main fishery organisms were calculated; and a continuous nutrition spectrum was made. Most of the fishery organisms captured were fish, crabs and shrimp. The δ13C and δ15N values were -17.63‰ to -14.85‰ and 12.92‰ to 15.46‰ for fishes, respectively, with average values being -16.47‰ and 13.80‰. They were -17.67‰ to -15.51‰ and 11.05‰ to 12.62‰ for shrimp and crabs, with average values of -16.30‰ and 11.85‰, respectively. According to the value of δ15N, the trophic levels of the main fishery organisms were calculated using the additive model (trophic position by the additive model, TPA) and the scaled model (trophic position by the scaled model, TPS). The result showed that there was no significant differences between the results calculated by the two models (P > 0.1), and the average trophic level of fish was higher than that of shrimp and crabs. This study indicates the food web in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay is characterized by a relatively simple initial food source, few trophic levels, short food chain, low trophic level diversity, and high degree of redundancy in trophic structure. The abundance of organisms with high trophic levels decreased, and the structure of the food web shifted from complex to simplistic, and the ecosystem became less stable in the past 30 years. The study adds new basic information about the food web structure in the study area. It also provides a reference for protecting the fishery resources of Daya Bay and maintaining the stability of the ecosystem structure there.

Key words: Daya Bay, fishery organism, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, trophic structure

中图分类号: 

  • S931