The depth of shear wave splitting anisotropy in the Yunnan region inferred from mantle convection simulation
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摘要:
地震各向异性与地幔对流导致的变形存在因果关系，因此地幔对流模拟可被用来预测地震各向异性，并推测剪切波各向异性地幔源的深度.本文建立了基于地震速度结构的地幔对流模型来预测云南地区剪切波分裂的快波方向，它同时受地表板块运动和地幔内部的温度扰动所驱动.通过与观测结果进行对比分析，推测在云南地区西北部和东部区域，剪切波各向异性源主要存在于岩石圈中.在西南部和四川盆地及其西缘，地幔流动可能是剪切波各向异性的主要贡献者，各向异性层分别位于210~330 km和170~330 km深度，导致西南部剪切波各向异性的地幔可能处于大幅度的剪切变形状态，而四川盆地及其西缘主要处于中等强度的剪切变形状态.
Abstract:There is a causative link between seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation caused by mantle convection within the earth. Mantle convection simulation thus can be used to infer seismic anisotropy, and subsequently, to estimate the depth of its source in the mantle. In this paper, a seismic tomography-based mantle convection model in which flow is driven by a combination of surface plate motion and temperature perturbations within the mantle is proposed to predict the Fast Polarization Direction (FPD) of Shear Wave Splitting (SWS) in the Yunnan region. Comparing the predicted and observed FPDs, we suggest that the SWS source primarily resides in the lithosphere of northwestern and eastern Yunnan. Mantle deformation is a dominant contributor to SWS in southwestern Yunnan and the Sichuan basin and its western margin, and the sources reside primarily in the upper mantle between depths 210 and 330 km and between depths 170 and 330 km, respectively. The mantle responsible for SWS is mainly under large shear strain in southwestern Yunnan and under moderate shear strain in the Sichuan basin and its western margin.
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Key words:
- Mantle flow /
- Mantle convection /
- Mantle deformation /
- Shear wave splitting /
- Plate motion
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图 1
研究区域的剪切波分裂测量结果(Flesch et al., 2005；常利军等, 2006, 2015；Sol et al., 2007；Huang et al., 2007, 2011, 2015；Wang et al., 2008；Bai et al., 2009；Shi et al., 2012)
Figure 1.
Shear wave splitting measurements in the study area(Flesch et al., 2005; Chang L J et al., 2006, 2015; Huang et al., 2007, 2011, 2015; Sol et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008; Bai et al., 2009; Shi et al., 2012)
图 2
地球各圈层对剪切波各向异性的贡献
Figure 2.
Contributions of spheres within the earth to shear wave splitting
图 3
本文研究使用的随深度变化的(a)黏度和(b)温度剖面
Figure 3.
Profiles of depth-dependent viscosity (a) and temperature structures (b) used in this study
图 4
模型预测的不同区域的(a)地幔对流速度方向和(b)地幔最大水平拉张速率方向与快波方向之间的平均角度差异随深度的变化
Figure 4.
Mean angular difference between mantle convective velocity directions (a) and mantle maximum elongation directions (b) and fast polarization directions at different depths in four sub-regions
图 5
不同区域的(a)地幔平均流动速率和(b)地幔平均最大拉伸速率随深度的变化曲线
Figure 5.
Average mantle flow rates (a) and average mantle maximum elongation rates (b) varying with depth in four sub-regions
图 6
自由热对流模型预测的岩石圈底部的地幔水平流动方向(黑色箭头代表流动方向)
Figure 6.
Horizontal mantle flow directions at the base of the lithosphere predicted by the free thermal mantle flow model(Dark arrows indicate flow directions)
表 1
模型的物理和几何参数值
Table 1.
Physical and geometric parameters used in this study
参数 意义 值 R0 地球半径 6.371×106 m ΔT 上、下边界温度差 3500 K ρ0 参考地幔密度 3.3×103 kg·m-3 κ 热扩散系数 1×10-6m2·s-1 k 热传导系数 3.2 W·m-1·K-1 α 热膨胀系数 2.5×10-5K-1 g 重力加速度 9.8 m·s-2 R 气体常量 8.31 J·mol-1·K-1 η0 参考地幔黏度 1021Pa·s 
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