珠峰地区锂成矿作用: 喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带首个锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩

刘晨; 王汝成; 吴福元; 谢磊; 刘小驰

doi:10.18654/1000-0569/2021.11.03

珠峰地区锂成矿作用: 喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带首个锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩

- 1.
  南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023
- 2.
  中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 岩石圈演化国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
- 3.
  中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049
基金项目:
本文受国家自然科学基金项目（91855209）和第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（2019QZKK0802）联合资助

详细信息

作者简介:
刘晨, 男, 1994年生, 博士生, 矿物学专业, E-mail: njulc@foxmail.com

通讯作者: 王汝成, 男, 1962年生, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事矿物学研究, E-mail: rcwang@nju.edu.cn

中图分类号: P588.131;P618.71

收稿日期: 2021-10-16

修回日期: 2021-11-16

刊出日期: 2021-11-01

Lithium mineralization in Qomolangma: First report of elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatite in the Himalaya leucogranite belt

- 1.
  State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- 2.
  State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- 3.
  College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG RuCheng, E-mail: rcwang@nju.edu.cn

Received Date: 16 October 2021

Revised Date: 16 November 2021

Publish Date: 01 November 2021

摘要

摘要:
喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩具有较好的稀有金属成矿前景。珠穆朗玛峰位于该淡色花岗岩带的中部，其中大量的淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩出露，并成为珠穆朗玛重要的岩石组成部分。近期，我们在珠峰前进沟地区发现并采集了锂成矿伟晶岩，在手标本上可以清晰看到浅褐红色的铁锂云母。进一步的全岩地球化学以及矿物学研究表明，前进沟锂成矿伟晶岩为锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩，具有稀有金属元素（Be-Nb-Li）含量高、Rb/Sr比值高、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值低等特征。所有的矿物学和地球化学特征都表明该伟晶岩经历了高度的岩浆分异作用。矿物成分上看，云母由铁锂云母演变为锂云母，电气石由黑电气石演变为锂电气石，Fe、Mg含量降低，Li含量升高，这一特征直接指示着演化过程中岩浆成分的变化。这次发现，是首次在该地区发现锂成矿作用，也是我国喜马拉雅首次报道锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩的存在。结合珠穆朗玛峰周围（普士拉、热曲）近期发现的锂辉石-透锂长石型伟晶岩，珠穆朗玛地区很可能成为我国重要的一个锂（Li）成矿远景区。
- 喜马拉雅 /
- 珠穆朗玛 /
- 锂成矿作用 /
- 锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩
Abstract:
The Himalaya leucogranite belt is evaluated as a prospect for rare-metal mineralization. The Mount Qomolangma is located in the middle part of this leucogranite belt, where a large number of leucogranites and pegmatites occurred as the important components of the Qomolangma orogenic area. Recently, Li-mineralized pegmatites have been recognized and sampled in Hermit Gorge where the light brown red zinnwaldite can be clearly identified in the pegmatite specimens. Further geochemistry and mineralogy study show that these Li mineralized pegmatites have been identified as the elbaite-lepidolite subtype, which are characterized with high contents of rare-metal elements (Be-Nb-Li), high Rb/Sr ratio, and low Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios. All the mineralogical and geochemical features indicate that these pegmatites have experienced a high degree of magma fractionation. In terms of mineral chemistry, micas have evolved from zinnwaldite to lepidolite, and tourmalines from schorl to elbaite, and the contents of Fe and Mg in them decreased, while the Li content increased, which is indicative of the evolution process of magma. It is the first found Li mineralization in the Qomolangma area, and the striking first report of the occurrence of elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatite in Himalaya. Combined with the recent researches of spodumene-petalite subtype pegmatites around Mount Qomolangma (Pusila, Rachu), the Qomolangma region is probably a crucial Li mineralization prospect in China.
- Himalaya /
- Qomolangma /
- Li mineralization /
- Elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatite

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图 1

珠峰地区地质概况

Figure 1.

Geological setting of Qomolangma area

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图 2

珠峰前进沟淡色花岗岩与伟晶岩岩相学特征

Figure 2.

Petrographic features of leucogranites and pegmatites in Hermit Gorge in Qomolangma

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图 3

前进沟锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩全岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图解(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)

Figure 3.

Chondrite-normalization REE patterns of the elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatites in Hermit Gorge (normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)

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图 4

云母矿物特征与成分

Figure 4.

Occurrence and composition of micas

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图 5

电气石矿物特征与成分

Figure 5.

Occurrences and composition of tourmalines

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表 1

珠峰前进沟锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩全岩主量(wt%)和微量(×10^-6)元素成分

Table 1.

Major (wt%) and trace (×10^-6) element compositions of the elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatite in Hermit Gorge in Qomolangma

样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	TiO₂	P₂O₅	H₂O^-	LOI	Total	F
17XZ190	75.24	13.92	0.43	0.07	0.02	0.40	5.04	4.13	0.02	0.24	0.06	0.34	99.91	0.29
17XZ191	75.11	13.56	0.38	0.06	0.05	0.31	3.86	5.70	0.02	0.15	0.17	0.45	99.81	0.28

样品号	Be	Li	Rb	Cs	Sr	Ba	Ga	Y	Zr	Hf	Nb	Ta	Sn	W
17XZ190	9.93	765	776	213	11.6	17.2	21.3	1.04	21.4	1.14	35.4	12.4	7.83	22.4
17XZ191	38.8	855	968	272	8.66	10.9	13.7	0.42	16.5	0.86	23.9	9.78	8.23	14.1

样品号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
17XZ190	0.62	1.01	0.09	0.23	0.08	0.01	0.08	0.02	0.14	0.03	0.09	0.02	0.17	0.03
17XZ191	0.18	0.47	0.03	0.09	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.01

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表附表 1

普士拉锂辉石(-透锂长石)型伟晶岩全岩主量(wt%)和微量(×10^-6)元素成分

Table 附表 1.

Major (wt%) and trace (×10^-6) element compositions of the Pusila spodumene(-petalite) subtype pegmatites

Sample No.	18XZ71	17XZ217	17XZ221	17XZ222T	17XZ222D	17XZ218	17XZ222W
SiO₂	74.31	73.76	73.42	72.60	72.81	71.48	74.49
Al₂O₃	16.58	15.44	15.45	15.68	15.98	16.25	15.39
Fe₂O₃	0.17	0.16	0.31	0.46	0.78	0.15	0.20
FeO	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.07	0.08	0.07
MnO	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.05
MgO	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.03
CaO	0.25	0.52	0.37	0.89	0.26	0.27	0.36
Na₂O	2.23	7.79	5.22	5.62	6.65	3.36	3.64
K₂O	5.38	1.48	4.14	3.55	2.76	7.13	4.68
TiO₂	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01
P₂O₅	0.08	0.06	0.13	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.05
H₂O^-	0.04	0.27	0.04	0.06	0.02	0.05	0.05
LOI	0.54	0.33	0.57	0.78	0.43	0.81	0.78
Total	99.77	99.94	99.84	99.85	99.88	99.72	99.79
F	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03
B	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.10	0.20	0.00	0.01
Na₂O+K₂O	7.61	9.27	9.36	9.17	9.41	10.49	8.32
K₂O/Na₂O	2.41	0.19	0.79	0.63	0.42	2.12	1.29
A/CNK	1.66	1.01	1.12	1.07	1.11	1.18	1.31
A/NK	1.74	1.07	1.18	1.20	1.15	1.23	1.39
Be	224	33	81	148	102	120	186
Li	8460	15	146	174	166	1176	3156
Rb	1855	240	1123	856	699	1899	1302
Cs	147	25	136	116	91	202	156
Sr	4.6	12	16	23	3.9	10	9.4
Ba	2.9	3.0	20	7.8	1.5	1.1	3.4
Ga	25	23	31	31	31	18	18
Sc	0.17	0.23	0.71	0.33	0.30	0.05	0.03
Y	0.1	1.9	2.6	0.60	0.63	0.06	0.14
Zr	7.7	13	21	34	38	11	7.0
Hf	0.99	0.80	1.5	2.5	2.8	1.0	0.5
Nb	53	13	20	50	18	74	83
Ta	12	3.8	4.7	15	5.2	25	18
Sn	24	4.0	50	26	16	75	87
W	0.60	1.7	2.6	1.7	1.5	2.4	1.8
Th	1.5	0.75	2.0	2.0	1.9	0.51	1.2
U	15	1.1	9.5	20	20	3.3	2.7
Cr	2.3	1.2	3.7	6.7	3.0	4.4	12
V	0.75	1.4	0.77	1.4	0.71	0.51	0.67
Mn	330	119	138	222	313	327	382
Pb	27	11	27	17	16	37	23
Ti	13	45	172	83	120	31	31
Co	0.22	0.44	0.15	0.27	0.08	0.12	0.17
Ni	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.4	2.4	1.0
Cu	3.6	7.9	4.3	2.9	2.5	4.8	3.5
Zn	33	8.5	45	85	148	75	34
As	3.5	0.89	4.3	2.8	2.4	3.7	2.1
Se	0.02	0.14	0.10	0.05	—	—	0.04
Mo	0.10	0.28	0.10	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.17
Rb/Sr	404.54	19.81	70.51	37.33	180.00	181.86	138.81
Zr/Hf	7.80	15.78	13.79	13.78	13.54	10.37	13.04
Nb/Ta	4.55	3.36	4.17	3.27	3.37	3.01	4.58
Th/U	0.10	0.71	0.21	0.10	0.09	0.16	0.43
La	0.19	0.93	1.2	0.48	0.51	0.04	0.13
Ce	0.26	1.6	2.2	0.61	0.62	0.09	0.21
Pr	0.01	0.17	0.25	0.05	0.05	0.00	0.02
Nd	0.04	0.45	0.84	0.16	0.13	0.01	0.04
Sm	0.01	0.15	0.25	0.04	0.03	0.00	0.01
Eu	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
Gd	0.01	0.14	0.30	0.04	0.03	0.00	0.01
Tb	0.00	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
Dy	0.02	0.28	0.39	0.07	0.06	0.01	0.02
Ho	0.00	0.05	0.07	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00
Er	0.01	0.14	0.18	0.06	0.06	0.00	0.01
Tm	0.00	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
Yb	0.01	0.26	0.17	0.12	0.12	0.01	0.02
Lu	0.00	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.00
∑LREE	0.51	3.34	4.87	1.35	1.34	0.15	0.41
∑HREE	0.06	0.98	1.23	0.34	0.33	0.02	0.07
LREE/HREE	8.77	3.42	3.96	3.97	4.11	6.11	6.30

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表附表 2

典型锂成矿伟晶岩中云母成分统计(wt%)

Table 附表 2.

Statistics of compositions of micas in typical Li-mineralized pegmatites (wt%)

Location	Black Hill												Volta grande pegmatite
Rock/Mineral	Border zone			Wall zone		Intermediate Zone							Mus		LP1			LP2		Zinn		Zinn		Mica
Analyses	B2c	B2		C2		G6a	E1b	B15	C-D	B14	D11		1st gener.		chem.	17	2	chem.		chem.		22		8
SiO₂	47.20	48.27		45.71		46.09	50.84	50.35	50.96	51.06	50.11		45.74		49.90	45.67	47.51	48.56		44.39		42.60		41.54
TiO₂	0.16	0.24		0.04		0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.02		0.04		n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.		0.83		0.85		1.49
Al₂O₃	35.10	31.74		35.25		36.18	28.68	29.48	27.69	29.58	28.56		30.72		26.14	26.02	22.52	26.09		20.02		20.90		18.01
FeO	0.42	0.43		0.73		0.76	0.36	0.18	0.04	0.01	0.05		2.35		0.07	0.01	0.02	0.12		8.13		7.50		11.23
MnO	0.16	0.29		0.20		0.46	0.38	0.39	0.42	0.36	0.40		0.52		n.a.	0.50	0.02	n.a.		0.37		0.30		0.21
MgO	0.51	0.43		0.01		0.04	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.03		0.43		n.a.	0.02	0.01	n.a.		3.91		4.05		6.77
CaO	0.00	0.01		0.02		0.02	0.11	0.00	0.04	0.02	0.02		0.05		n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.		0.23		0.21		0.01
Na₂O	0.34	0.20		0.34		0.51	0.32	0.37	0.27	0.23	0.36		0.33		0.38	0.29	0.18	0.48		0.40		0.12		0.10
K₂O	11.31	10.80		10.31		10.35	10.59	10.37	10.47	10.65	10.23		8.86		7.68	8.08	7.90	8.64		9.16		8.20		7.58
Rb₂O	0.57	0.38		0.56		0.47	0.75	1.15	1.12	0.96	1.05		3.22		4.65	5.29	5.86	4.26		3.96		4.40		4.82
Cs₂O	0.05	0.04		0.03		0.04	0.15	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.12		0.08		0.49	0.68	1.18	0.38		0.21		0.35		0.47
F	1.02	1.74		1.13		1.23	4.98	6.04	4.71	4.72	5.76		n.a.		5.41	6.05	8.19	5.62		4.04		4.96		n.a.
Li₂O	0.20	0.75		0.40		0.47	3.86	3.85	3.90	3.39	4.27		0.29		3.30	3.55	4.08	3.49		3.33		2.67		n.a.
H₂O	n.a.	n.a.		n.a.		n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.		4.95		4.10	n.a.	n.a.	4.26		1.88		n.a.		n.a.
Subtotal	97.04	95.32		94.73		96.65	101.06	102.36	99.78	101.10	100.98
O=F	0.43	0.73		0.48		0.52	2.10	2.54	1.98	1.99	2.43
Total	96.61	94.59		94.25		96.13	98.96	99.82	97.80	99.11	98.55		97.58		102.12			101.90		100.86
Data Source		Jolliff et al., 1987											Lagache and Quéméneur, 1997

Location	Rozna pegmatites																Dobra Voda pegmatites
Rock/Mineral	Ms			Lpd													Bt	Lpd
Analyses	RZ-B139	RZ-D13		RZ-E7	RZ-F9	RZ-H8	RZ-H6	RZ-H4	RZ-H11g	RZ-H11p	H-8L	H-8M	H-6L	H-4L	F-9L		DV-A143	DV-E2	DV-G3	DV-G5	DV-H1	DV-H10g	DV-H10p
SiO₂	45.31	45.41		48.89	50.24	51.64	51.64	52.04	52.34	52.30	52.33	47.67	51.64	52.04	53.57		33.96	48.46	50.14	50.36	53.79	54.97	57.32
TiO₂	0.09	0.11		0.00	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01		2.57	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Al₂O₃	35.13	34.14		28.19	25.31	24.01	22.63	22.07	22.54	22.84	24.03	33.87	22.63	22.07	19.89		21.20	29.18	26.27	27.14	20.28	19.29	19.55
FeO	2.29	1.75		0.00	0.04	0.06	0.21	2.68	0.51	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.21	2.68	0.01		23.94	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.14	0.03
MnO	0.05	0.67		0.07	1.39	0.55	0.62	0.40	0.55	0.43	0.16	0.03	0.62	0.40	0.74		0.51	0.09	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.15	0.18
MgO	0.14	0.01		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.07	0.00		1.43	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CaO	0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00		0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
Na₂O	0.75	0.69		0.34	0.31	0.34	0.27	0.14	0.36	0.46	0.28	0.09	0.27	0.14	0.18		0.03	0.30	0.33	0.52	0.42	0.21	0.18
K₂O	10.22	10.13		10.37	10.26	10.23	10.38	10.39	10.50	10.64	10.50	10.30	10.38	10.39	9.98		9.14	10.63	10.14	10.24	9.76	10.18	10.32
Rb₂O	0.17	0.71		1.93	1.82	2.05	1.00	0.86	1.01	0.97	1.75	0.29	1.00	0.86	1.06		0.25	1.49	1.88	1.79	1.91	1.55	1.27
Cs₂O	0.01	0.01		0.17	0.06	0.24	0.78	0.82	0.88	0.77	0.65	0.01	0.78	0.82	2.20		0.00	0.07	0.13	0.14	1.17	1.26	1.08
F	0.77	1.54		5.21	6.45	6.82	6.93	5.42	6.68	7.04	7.67	1.74	6.93	5.42	7.93		1.18	4.18	5.69	5.22	7.83	7.16	8.30
Li₂O	0.18	0.41		3.94	4.81	5.55	5.11	3.97	5.79	6.20	5.55	0.18	5.11	3.97	4.81		0.26	4.16	4.48	4.54	6.33	6.45	5.83
H₂O	4.07	3.68		1.99	1.41	1.27	1.12	1.82	1.32	1.17	0.90	3.68	1.12	1.82	0.61		3.21	2.51	1.76	2.05	0.75	1.09	0.66
Subtotal	99.18	99.26		101.10	102.16	102.78	100.70	100.68	102.48	102.86	103.87	97.89	100.70	100.68	100.99		97.72	101.08	100.93	102.05	102.27	102.46	104.73
O=F	0.32	0.65		2.19	2.72	2.87	2.92	2.29	2.82	2.97	3.23	0.73	2.92	2.29	3.34		0.50	1.76	2.40	2.20	3.31	3.01	3.49
Total	98.86	98.61		98.91	99.44	99.91	97.78	98.39	99.66	99.89	100.64	97.16	97.78	98.39	97.65		97.22	99.32	98.53	99.85	98.96	99.45	101.24
Data source	Černý et al., 1995

Location	Moblan pegmatites							碾盘沟
Rock/Mineral	Cs-enriched Micas							七号脉					九号脉
Analyses	1	2	3	4	5	6		1	2	3	4		1		2		3	4		5		6
SiO₂	49.60	51.76	46.35	46.90	45.40	46.15		51.04	49.54	49.51	48.09		47.47		46.42		50.20	47.76		48.42		47.24
TiO₂	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.		n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.	n.a.		n.a.		n.a.
Al₂O₃	26.62	19.43	19.21	17.34	18.71	17.23		21.82	23.67	22.38	23.50		21.91		23.72		20.10	21.65		21.22		21.55
FeO	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.01		7.53	6.70	7.68	6.63		8.35		7.87		6.28	7.76		7.03		8.44
MnO	0.36	0.27	0.32	0.24	0.25	0.29		0.32	0.35	0.47	0.37		0.67		0.40		0.52	0.68		0.48		0.68
MgO	0.08	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.03	0.01		0.46	0.43	0.25	0.22		0.48		0.49		0.51	0.48		0.58		0.54
CaO	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.07	0.01		0.01	0.05	0.02	0.00		0.00		0.03		0.01	0.00		0.00		0.03
Na₂O	0.31	0.06	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.05		0.18	0.15	0.23	0.50		0.10		0.07		0.07	0.13		0.09		0.06
K₂O	8.36	4.78	1.49	1.14	0.99	0.60		10.11	10.16	10.34	10.04		10.44		9.94		10.43	10.26		9.90		10.35
Rb₂O	4.69	8.74	5.82	3.76	3.03	3.62		0.92	0.94	0.95	0.83		0.86		0.87		0.95	0.90		0.95		0.90
Cs₂O	1.10	4.46	17.23	20.69	21.71	22.03		0.18	0.21	0.21	0.25		0.52		0.34		0.41	0.59		1.21		0.61
F	5.32	6.84	5.83	5.45	5.70	5.89		5.26	5.48	5.62	3.42		5.25		5.25		6.85	5.52		6.58		5.79
Li₂O	6.07	6.34	5.71	5.78	5.56	5.67		2.68	3.25	2.98	4.07		4.75		4.76		5.19	4.29		4.48		3.35
H₂O	1.93	1.00	1.08	1.20	1.05	0.96		1.87	1.79	1.67	2.72		1.83		1.84		1.11	1.67		1.17		1.48
Subtotal	104.44	103.68	103.14	102.57	102.59	102.52		102.39	102.71	102.31	100.66		102.63		102.00		102.62	101.67		102.11		101.01
O=F	2.24	2.88	2.45	2.29	2.40	2.48		2.21	2.31	2.37	1.44		2.21		2.21		2.88	2.33		2.77		2.44
Total	102.20	100.80	100.69	100.28	100.19	100.04		100.18	100.40	99.95	99.22		100.42		99.79		99.74	99.35		99.34		98.57
Data source	Potter et al., 2009							杨兆钰，未发表数据
注：n.a.=not analyzed

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表 2

珠峰前进沟锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩铁锂云母-锂云母成分(wt%)

Table 2.

Chemical compositions of zinnwaldite and lepidolite from the elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatites in Hermit Gorge in Qomolangma (wt%)

Spot No.	190-1	190-2	190-3	190-4	190-5	190-6	190-7	191-1	191-2	191-3	191-4	191-5	191-6	191-7	191-8
Mineral	Znw	Znw	Lpd	Lpd	Znw	Lpd	Znw	Znw	Znw	Znw	Lpd	Znw	Znw	Lpd	Lpd
SiO₂	49.40	47.82	57.62	52.58	47.43	57.94	45.04	49.15	39.20	39.69	54.65	44.26	38.48	53.57	54.44
TiO₂	0.14	0.15	—	—	0.26	—	0.67	0.29	1.31	1.41	0.01	0.97	1.33	0.19	0.46
Al₂O₃	20.99	21.07	16.34	19.47	21.27	17.36	21.73	19.68	20.42	20.50	17.66	21.02	20.45	18.07	18.18
FeO	8.03	8.15	3.04	5.43	9.43	0.75	10.39	8.50	19.37	18.57	2.84	12.47	20.63	4.85	4.33
MnO	1.19	1.25	0.72	1.10	1.05	0.20	1.11	1.08	1.73	1.50	1.12	1.17	1.18	0.74	0.74
MgO	0.55	0.52	0.33	0.33	0.65	0.05	0.98	0.62	1.35	1.46	0.36	0.87	1.40	0.40	0.32
CaO	0.01	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.02	—	—	0.02	0.01	—	0.10	0.01
Na₂O	0.30	0.33	0.18	0.28	0.34	0.10	0.21	0.30	0.33	0.24	0.19	0.29	0.23	0.32	0.14
K₂O	9.89	10.06	10.28	10.20	9.80	10.70	10.30	9.90	9.13	9.27	10.35	10.07	9.11	10.28	10.11
F	7.26	7.00	8.15	7.65	6.49	8.03	5.88	8.24	5.23	5.21	7.81	6.64	4.58	7.81	7.75
Cl	0.01	—	0.01	0.01	0.01	—	—	—	0.02	0.01	—	0.01	0.02	0.01	—
Li₂O^*	4.62	4.17	6.99	5.54	4.06	7.08	3.38	4.55	1.70	1.84	6.13	3.15	1.49	5.82	6.07
H₂O^*	0.93	0.96	0.73	0.83	1.22	0.79	1.41	0.41	1.49	1.52	0.76	1.02	1.77	0.75	0.83
Subtotal	103.3	101.5	104.4	103.4	102.0	103.0	101.1	102.7	101.3	101.2	101.9	101.9	100.7	102.9	103.4
O=F, Cl	3.06	2.95	3.44	3.22	2.74	3.38	2.48	3.47	2.20	2.19	3.29	2.80	1.93	3.29	3.26
Total	100.2	98.6	101.0	100.2	99.3	99.6	98.7	99.3	99.1	99.0	98.6	99.1	98.7	99.6	100.1
注：—表示低于检测限；^*根据11O和OH=2-(F+Cl)计算；Znw-铁锂云母；Lpd-锂云母

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表附表 3

典型锂成矿伟晶岩中电气石成分统计(wt%)

Table 附表 3.

Statistics of compositions of tourmaline in typical Li-mineralized pegmatites (wt%)

Location	南阳山								Black Hills, Dakota
Rock/Mineral	Spd subzone		Mbs subzone		Elb subzone		Lpd subzone		Border zone		Wall zone						Wall zone F		Wall zone		Intermediate zone			Core
Analyses	n=9		n=13		n=11		n=7		B2		B3	Ela2	B7a	B6b	B6c		B7		B15		G4c	B8		D11	S1
SiO₂	35.92		36.92		37.71		37.42		36.28		35.40	35.68	35.66	36.38	36.43		37.35		36.50		36.47	36.45		37.14	37.95
TiO₂	0.04		0.04		0.01		0.01		0.12		0.05	0.05	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		0.05		n.d.		0.04	0.18		0.10	n.d.
Al₂O₃	37.26		37.63		41.35		41.09		35.91		33.58	34.40	34.70	35.33	35.36		36.46		36.42		36.35	36.25		38.03	39.52
FeO	7.16		5.04		0.34		0.11		6.21		11.71	11.58	9.64	6.79	6.67		5.69		4.30		8.25	4.21		0.92	0.02
MgO	0.06		0.08		0.00		0.02		0.84		0.08	0.07	0.02	0.01	0.01		0.03		0.01		0.06	0.37		0.01	0.01
CaO	0.16		0.21		0.37		0.61		0.11		0.04	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06		0.13		0.14		0.04	0.14		0.27	0.59
MnO	0.58		1.04		1.06		1.18		0.33		0.26	0.25	0.30	0.30	0.43		0.30		0.84		0.37	0.79		1.64	1.08
Na₂O	2.62		2.52		1.98		1.88		2.53		1.91	1.75	2.04	2.44	2.45		2.40		2.26		2.35	2.43		2.05	1.70
K₂O	0.02		0.02		0.01		0.01		0.11		0.02	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.03		0.02		0.06		n.d.	0.04		0.14	0.03
F	0.90		0.98		0.85		0.88		1.39		0.81	0.91	1.08	1.37	1.43		1.48		1.42		1.33	1.46		1.29	0.98
H₂O	3.24		3.25		3.43		3.41		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		n.d.		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.		n.d.	n.d.
B₂O₃	10.64		10.76		11.10		11.08		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		n.d.		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.		n.d.	n.d.
Li₂O	1.43		1.70		2.18		2.56		0.96		0.41	0.50	0.71	1.08	1.13		1.48		1.58		1.09	1.44		1.67	1.83
Subtotal	100.03		100.20		100.39		100.24		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		n.d.		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.		n.d.	n.d.
O=F	0.38		0.41		0.36		0.37		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		n.d.		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.		n.d.	n.d.
Total	99.65		99.78		100.03		99.87		84.79		84.27	85.28	84.22	83.78	84.00		85.39		83.53		86.35	83.76		83.26	83.71
Data source	Yang et al., 2021								Jolliff et al., 1986

Location	Tanco, Manitoba																	南平伟晶岩
Rock/Mineral	Zone 10				Zone 20				Zone 40-50				Zone 60		Zone 30			Ⅳ类				Ⅲ类		Ⅰ类
Analyses	1	2	8		1	4	9		4	5	6		3		4	6		B-1	DT-22	DT-26		T-5		P647-7
SiO₂	34.30	36.70	37.20		35.10	35.90	37.20		38.39	38.30	38.30		35.20		36.00	36.90		38.32	37.12	36.29		36.08		35.61
TiO₂	0.75	0.68	0.31		0.72	0.25	0.11		0.00	0.00	0.00		0.43		0.58	0.05		0.03	0.10	0.02		0.59		0.21
Al₂O₃	32.10	34.30	35.00		31.40	36.10	37.10		38.14	43.30	42.50		34.90		33.70	36.90		35.27	36.68	35.96		32.48		33.24
FeO	13.40	8.94	8.03		14.00	10.20	4.96		4.22	0.00	0.00		11.10		10.10	7.62		6.87	6.42	1.95		9.79		13.18
MgO	1.73	1.55	0.20		1.45	0.02	0.13		0.00	0.00	0.00		0.02		1.60	0.20		0.85	0.78	7.50		2.68		0.69
CaO	0.13	0.08	0.00		0.08	0.00	0.25		0.20	0.00	0.22		0.06		0.05	0.07		0.25	0.36	0.90		0.13		0.06
MnO	0.18	0.36	0.11		0.21	0.44	1.38		0.40	0.00	0.18		0.41		0.14	0.29		0.15	0.18	0.02		0.05		0.23
Na₂O	2.17	2.43	2.78		2.14	1.70	2.56		2.38	1.54	1.77		1.86		2.37	2.59		2.68	2.59	3.18		1.02		0.76
K₂O	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		n.d.	n.d.	n.d.		n.d.		n.d.	n.d.		0.51	0.10	0.08		0.16		1.10
F	0.54	0.89	1.03		0.41	0.54	1.29		1.11	0.59	0.46		0.35		1.00	1.07		2.33	1.28	1.41		0.44		0.32
H₂O	3.25	3.24	3.18		3.32	3.38	3.10		3.26	3.60	3.65		3.41		3.13	3.20		0.85	0.89	0.59		3.45		4.00
B₂O₃	10.16	10.62	10.62		10.19	10.53	10.75		10.97	11.24	11.20		10.36		10.45	10.73		10.52	10.68	10.60		10.07		8.71
Li₂O	0.23	0.94	1.60		0.29	0.72	1.58		1.98	1.91	2.02		0.67		0.74	1.29		0.70	0.84	0.02		0.05		0.03
Subtotal	98.94	100.73	100.06		99.31	99.78	100.41		101.05	100.48	100.30		98.77		99.86	100.91		99.33	98.02	98.53		96.99		98.14
O=F	0.23	0.37	0.43		0.17	0.23	0.54		0.47	0.25	0.19		0.15		0.42	0.45		0.98	0.54	0.59		0.19		0.13
Total	98.71	100.36	99.63		99.14	99.55	99.87		100.58	100.23	100.11		98.62		99.44	100.46		98.35	97.48	97.93		96.80		98.00
Data source	Selway et al., 2000																	杨岳清等，2010

Location	普士拉伟晶岩
Rock/Mineral	卓木古													错热
Analyses	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	5	6		1		3		4		5			6
SiO₂	34.53	34.24	35.42	34.95	34.19	34.63	34.11	34.41	34.62	33.31	34.73	34.93		34.96		35.11		35.00		34.58			35.05
TiO₂	0.21	0.39	0.27	0.32	0.32	0.31	0.46	0.52	0.31	0.93	0.83	0.32		0.23		0.42		0.26		1.60			0.70
Al₂O₃	35.38	35.95	35.21	34.67	35.76	34.94	34.85	34.16	35.27	36.66	33.80	34.00		32.75		33.17		32.72		31.51			32.66
FeO	12.79	11.61	11.93	13.28	12.37	13.05	13.84	14.07	12.84	12.05	13.56	13.88		13.85		13.18		14.36		14.33			14.01
MgO	0.18	0.33	0.18	0.24	0.16	0.18	0.21	0.11	0.15	0.45	0.15	0.26		1.76		0.49		0.59		1.37			1.40
CaO	0.24	0.47	0.30	0.29	0.41	0.26	0.22	0.23	0.28	0.58	0.17	0.18		0.55		0.46		0.36		0.64			0.47
MnO	0.09	0.11	0.04	0.09	0.08	0.11	0.06	0.05	0.00	0.02	0.05	0.05		0.06		0.08		0.05		0.04			0.01
Na₂O	2.03	1.92	1.87	1.93	1.79	1.87	1.80	1.80	2.17	2.04	1.81	1.93		2.02		2.02		1.88		1.92			1.97
K₂O	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05		0.03		0.04		0.03		0.04			0.05
F	0.29	0.28	0.32	0.03	0.14	0.30	0.21	0.21	0.27	0.13	0.22	0.21		0.25		0.32		0.26		0.30			0.30
H₂O	3.43	3.44	3.44	3.56	3.50	3.42	3.45	3.45	3.45	3.53	3.44	3.45		3.44		3.40		3.40		3.39			3.42
B₂O₃	10.35	10.36	10.40	10.37	10.34	10.34	10.29	10.28	10.37	10.41	10.27	10.30		10.32		10.28		10.21		10.24			10.33
Li₂O	0.37	0.35	0.37	0.36	0.41	0.40	0.31	0.49	0.35	0.29	0.36	0.31		0.23		0.55		0.28		0.25			0.24
Subtotal	99.91	99.47	99.77	100.14	99.52	99.84	99.84	99.80	100.11	100.45	99.41	99.86		100.43		99.50		99.40		100.22			100.59
O=F	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.01	0.06	0.13	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.06	0.09	0.09		0.10		0.13		0.11		0.12			0.13
Total	99.79	99.35	99.64	100.12	99.46	99.72	99.75	99.72	100.00	100.39	99.31	99.77		100.33		99.36		99.29		100.09			100.47
Data source	Liu et al., 2020
注：n.d.=not determined

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表 3

珠峰前进沟锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩黑电气石-锂电气石成分(wt%)

Table 3.

Chemical compositions of schorl and elbaite from the elbaite-lepidolite subtype pegmatites in Hermit Gorge in Qomolangma (wt%)

Spot No.	190-1	190-2	190-3	190-4	190-5	190-6	190-7	190-8	190-9	191-1	191-2	191-3	191-4
Mineral	Elb	Elb	Elb	Sch	Sch	Elb	Elb	Sch	Sch	Sch	Elb	Elb	Sch
SiO₂	36.55	36.36	36.41	34.86	34.69	35.99	35.37	35.61	35.13	34.76	36.43	36.24	35.02
TiO₂	—	—	—	—	0.03	—	—	—	0.02	—	—	—	0.06
Al₂O₃	37.93	37.98	37.73	33.58	32.45	37.06	35.78	35.74	35.13	34.58	36.92	36.67	34.36
Cr₂O₃	0.14	0.10	0.02	0.12	0.07	0.05	0.13	0.21	0.15	0.16	0.18	0.07	—
FeO	3.49	4.65	3.88	14.20	13.98	5.44	8.62	9.79	10.87	12.06	6.80	7.56	11.42
MgO	0.07	0.07	0.09	0.43	0.48	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.19	0.18	0.07	0.05	0.28
CaO	0.08	0.08	0.08	—	—	0.03	0.06	0.06	0.02	0.05	0.04	—	0.04
MnO	2.55	1.98	2.18	0.61	0.66	1.50	0.76	0.73	0.56	0.68	1.05	0.99	0.75
Na₂O	3.14	2.94	3.13	2.14	2.88	3.04	2.86	2.58	2.76	2.60	2.81	2.84	2.80
K₂O	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02
F	1.19	1.48	1.19	—	0.50	1.17	0.87	0.60	0.51	0.50	1.13	0.94	0.54
Cl	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.01	—	0.01	0.01	0.01	—
H₂O^*	3.15	3.01	3.13	3.55	3.28	3.10	3.19	3.34	3.35	3.33	3.15	3.22	3.31
B₂O₃^*	10.77	10.75	10.72	10.28	10.19	10.60	10.44	10.50	10.41	10.33	10.68	10.63	10.34
Li₂O^*	1.60	1.47	1.59	0.29	0.49	1.45	1.13	0.95	0.84	0.65	1.33	1.25	0.77
Subtotal	100.7	100.9	100.2	100.1	99.7	99.5	99.3	100.2	100.0	99.9	100.6	100.5	99.7
O=F	0.50	0.62	0.50	0.00	0.21	0.49	0.37	0.25	0.21	0.21	0.48	0.40	0.23
Total	100.2	100.2	99.7	100.1	99.5	99.0	98.9	100.0	99.7	99.7	100.1	100.1	99.5
注：—表示低于检测限；^*根据31个阴离子(O, OH, F)计算；Elb-锂电气石；Sch-黑电气石

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