乌鲁木齐河源区气候变化和1号冰川40a观测事实

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2003.0021

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冰川冻土 ›› 2003, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2) : 117-123. DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2003.0021 CSTR: 32264.14.j.issn.1000-0240.2003.0021

研究论文

乌鲁木齐河源区气候变化和1号冰川40a观测事实

李忠勤, 韩添丁, 井哲帆, 杨惠安, 焦克勤

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A Summary of 40-Year Observed Variation Facts of Climate and Glacier No.1 at Headwater of Ürümqi River,Tianshan,China

LI Zhong-qin, HAN Tian-ding, JIN Zhe-fan, YANG Hui-an, JIAO Ke-qin

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摘要

分析研究了天山冰川站自1959年以来的气温、降水、水文、冰川物质平衡、冰川末端变化、冰川运动和冰川面积变化观测资料.结果表明,20世纪90年代中期以来,乌鲁木齐河源区处于一个最为显著的暖湿阶段.1958—2000年的42a间,1号冰川年平均物质平衡量为-188.6mm(约为-34.6×10⁴m³),累积物质平衡量达到-7925mm,亦即冰川减薄了8m多,累积亏损量达1452×10⁴m³.1号冰川面积在1962—2000年的38a间减少0.22km²,为11%,并呈加速减小趋势.1962年至今,1号冰川东支末端共退缩168.95m,西支185.23m,冰川表面运动速度减缓.1号冰川年融水径流量有增加趋势,1985年前后是个分界线,1986—2001年年均径流深为936.7mm,较之1958—1985年的508.4mm高出428.3mm,亦即增加84.2%.气温持续升高,冰川冷储减少可能是导致冰川加速消融的重要原因.

Abstract

Comprehensive, Glacier No.1 centered o bservations are conducted at headwater of Ürümqi River by Tianshan Glaciological Station since 1959.This paper presents analyses of mass balance, terminus, area and surface velocity histories of Glacier No.1, and as well as spatial distributed streamflow and climate factor (air temperature and precipitation) records from nearby area. Our study demonstrates that the continuous local annual temperature rising, resulting in reduction of cooling energy in the glacier, might be responsible for recent acceleration of glacier melting. The headwater region of Ürümqi River is experiencing a warm and humid period ever sine the mid-90s. From 1958 to 2000, with an average annual balance -188.6 mm (about -34.6×10⁴m³ in volume), the cumulative balance of Glacier No.1 is reach u p to -7925 mm(1452×10⁴m³), in other words, the thickness of the glacier stream decreased by more than 8m over the past 42 year span. With an accelerated shrinking tendency, the glacier area decreased by 11% from 1962 to 2001. The terminus of the glacier is in the state of retreat since it has been observed from 1960s. From 1962 to 2001 East Branch retreated 168.95 m, whilst West Branch retreated 185.23 m. In agreement with ice mass losing, surface velocity of the glacier is appreciably slowing down. By using water balance model, annual meltwater runoff of the glacier has been computed sine 1958. It shows an elevated trend, especially after 1985. The mean meltwater runoff depth from 1986-2001 is 936.6 mm, comparing to 508.4 mm from 1958 to 1985, it increased by 84.2%.

导出引用

李忠勤, 韩添丁, 井哲帆, 杨惠安, 焦克勤. 乌鲁木齐河源区气候变化和1号冰川40a观测事实[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(2): 117-123 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2003.0021

LI Zhong-qin, HAN Tian-ding, JIN Zhe-fan, YANG Hui-an, JIAO Ke-qin . A Summary of 40-Year Observed Variation Facts of Climate and Glacier No.1 at Headwater of Ürümqi River,Tianshan,China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25(2): 117-123 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2003.0021

中图分类号： P343.3

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