Crust-mantle coupling mechanism beneath the Qinling Orogen Belt revealed by SKS-wave splitting
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摘要:
秦岭是具有复杂地壳结构、经历长期构造演化的复合型大陆造山带.本文通过地震资料精细反演上地幔各向异性，探索秦岭造山带构造演化及成因动力.采用最小切向能量法、最小特征值法和"叠加"分析法求得覆盖秦岭造山带及周边地区41个地震台站的SKS横波分裂结果：快波偏振方向(φ)和快、慢波的时间延迟(δt)，据此绘制了秦岭造山带上地幔各向异性图.将已发表的地表GPS观测结果与上地幔各向异性相结合作上地幔变形因素分析，发现秦岭造山带自西向东的上地幔变形因素不是单一垂直连贯变形或地幔流动，而是共存的.同时，其上地幔变形的主控因素有区域性变化.研究表明秦岭造山带西、中部上地幔变形以壳幔垂直连贯变形为主，属壳幔强耦合，东部壳、幔耦合变弱，上地幔变形以简单地幔流动为主控因素.同时，SKS快波偏振方向(φ)于秦岭造山带显示出南缘略向北凸、北缘略向南凸的弧形展布，反映了造山带两侧刚性较强的扬子地块与鄂尔多斯地块旋转与秦岭造山带南北缘弧形流动有关.
Abstract:The Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB) is an east-west extended Proterozoic mountain range located between the Ordos block in the north and the Yangtze block in the south. It is featured by complicated crustal deformation structures due to its long history of tectonic evolution. Measuring the subsurface deformation field beneath the QOB thus becomes essential for deciphering major tectonic events that shaped the belt. Seismic anisotropy is generally believed to be caused by fabric structures that are close related to the subsurface strain field. Seismic anisotropy is often measured with two parameters, the fast polarization direction φ and delay time δt between the fast and slow directions, from splitting or birefringence of shear waves. In this study, we measured (φ, δt) from SKS recorded by 41 broadband stations that cover the QOB and it surrounding areas. We employed a 2-D grid searching method which searches for an optimum (φ, δt) that minimizes the transverse energy or the second eigenvalue of the covariance matrix. Stacking of SKS data from multiple earthquakes provides robust measurements of the two splitting parameters. The measured seismic anisotropy shows an overall E-W fast polarization direction across the QOB with slight variations at its western and eastern ends. The fast polarization direction is consistent with a eastward mantle flow that escapes from the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau and flows between the Ordos and Yangtze blocks. We also compared SKS splitting with GPS measurements and crustal anisotropy, and found that the NE marging of the Tibetan plateau and western part of QOB exhibit a vertically coherent deformation (VCD) across the entire lithosphere. In the eastern part of the QOB, there is a significant difference (>15°) in the fast polarization direction measured from SKS and Pms, a P-to-S converted wave at the Moho, indicating some decoupling of deformation between the crust and upper mantle.
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Key words:
- Qinling Orogenic Belt /
- Seismic anisotropy /
- Mantle deformation /
- Crust-mantle coupling
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图 1
秦岭造山带及周边构造示意图(修改自Dong et al., 2011)
Figure 1.
Tectonic overview map of the Qinling Orogenic Belt and adjacent region (Modified from Dong et al., 2011)
图 5
台站GS.TSS (a)最小切向量和(b)最小特征值加权等值线图
Figure 5.
Weighted summation of the transverse energy ET and the smaller eigenvalue Λ2
图 6
SKS横波分裂结果对比图
Figure 6.
The measured fast directions and splitting times at the 32 stations compared with the measurements estimated by Yu et al. (2016) and Chang (2016)
表 1
秦岭造山带SKS分裂参数
Table 1.
SKS splitting parameters for stations beneath Qinling orogenic belt
台站名 最小切向能量 最小特征值 φ Δφ δt Δδt φ Δφ δt Δδt GS.CXT 121 6 1 1.02 125 7 0.7 0.42 GS.DBT 99 8 0.9 0.32 112 6 1.2 0.24 GS.LTT 86 22 0.7 0.34 75 22 0.62 0.24 GS.MXT 121 5 1.88 0.72 120 6 1.72 0.34 GS.SFT 49 22 0.84 0.74 147 22 0.16 0.32 GS.WDT 62 22 0.44 0.26 85 22 0.4 0.18 GS.WSH 125 5 1.18 0.44 128 6 1.1 0.46 GS.WXT 113 8 2.22 1.6 109 9 1.9 0.6 GS.ZHC 125 6 1.18 0.62 129 10 0.58 0.6 GS.ZHQ 108 7 2.42 1.12 116 22 0.36 0.4 HA.DA 64 16 1.44 0.72 112 22 0.92 0.3 HA.LS 96 21 0.6 0.3 92 22 0.58 0.24 HA.LYN 84 22 0.44 0.18 86 22 0.44 0.16 HA.NY 146 12 2 2 159 22 0.16 0.28 HB.DJI 95 11 1.16 0.32 84 14 0.96 0.36 HB.YXI 93 22 0.38 0.28 79 22 0.3 0.24 SC.REG 122 5 1.62 0.48 124 6 0.74 0.18 SC.SPA 51 12 1.3 0.52 59 12 1.22 0.44 SN.ANKG 86 22 0.28 0.18 95 22 0.34 0.18 SN.FUPI 163 22 0.14 0.16 136 19 0.3 0.24 SN.HUAX 86 17 0.66 0.2 96 12 0.74 0.18 SN.HUYT 98 12 1.2 0.6 48 14 0.76 0.36 SN.HZHG 98 19 0.42 0.24 101 13 0.46 0.22 SN.JYAT 48 22 0.28 0.48 66 22 0.16 0.28 SN.LANT 78 13 0.84 0.26 82 7 0.9 0.16 SN.LINT 94 12 1.14 0.32 104 14 1.2 0.24 SN.LIYO 91 8 0.76 0.16 99 9 0.86 0.16 SN.LOXT 120 12 0.76 1.32 121 9 1.12 0.92 SN.LUYA 121 6 1.36 0.8 120 10 0.46 0.54 SN.MEIX 98 5 1 0.18 104 5 1.1 0.14 SN.MIAX 63 22 0.38 0.22 69 22 0.36 0.2 SN.NSHT 59 17 1.16 0.72 88 16 0.64 0.28 SN.QLIT 81 9 1.04 0.24 91 14 1.08 0.24 SN.SHAZ 97 22 0.24 0.2 79 22 0.16 0.14 SN.SHNA 96 10 1.04 0.3 97 12 1.06 0.24 SN.XAN 87 8 1.18 0.24 94 11 1.24 0.22 SN.XANT 93 11 1.28 0.48 87 22 1.28 0.52 SN.XIXI 55 7 0.74 0.16 64 11 0.64 0.14 SN.ZOZ1 85 22 0.88 0.88 91 14 1.08 0.36 SN.ZOZT 96 8 1.08 0.24 108 7 1.34 0.22 SX.YJI 85 22 1.1 0.7 35 11 0.76 0.24 
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