论彝族新年

彝族在一年内要过两次新年，是源于传统的天文历法十月太阳历中原始的阴阳观念，上半年１至５月为阳年，下半年６至１０月为阴年。十月历的创立原是以观测太阳回归年的时间长度为基础，参照北斗星座的斗柄指向，制定每月３６天、１０个月３６０天、剩余５至６天安排过新年的太阳历。本文对北斗星座存在着岁差和自行等问题进行了讨论，证明其不可长期定季节。十月历的原貌应是观测太阳达到北、南回归线时，分别以夏至日、冬至日作为阴年和阳年的开始，冬天的新年十月年占有４天余日，夏天的新年火把节占有１至２天余日。

On Yi Nationality New Year

Yi nationality people have two New Year in each year. This phenomenon originates from the primitive Yin and Yang ideals in the ten-month solar calendar traditional astronomy calendar for the nationality. The perlod from the first to the fifth month of each year is called Yang, the perlod from the sixth to the tenth month is Yin.The establishment of the calendar was based on the observations of the time length of the solar tropical year and the direction of the handle of the Big Dipper was used as a reference. Thus,in this calendar one year has ten months, each month has 36 days, the remaining 5 or 6 days of a year are arranged to be the New Year days. The precession of the equinox and the proper motion existed in the Dipper constellation are discussed in this paper and it is shown that we cannot determine the seasons accordingly using this calender. In the ten-month calendar, the summer Solstice and the Winter Solstice are used as the first day of the Yin and the Yang respectively, through the Observation of the time when the sun reaches the Tropic of the Cancer and the Tropic of the Capricorn. The winter New Year called Ten-Month Year has 4 remaining days and the summer New year called Torch Festival has 1 or 2 remaining days.