辽宁省采矿诱发的环境地质问题与防治

辽宁省矿产资源丰富 ,开发历史悠久 ,规模大、强度高 ,因而诱发了诸多的矿山环境地质问题。按其灾变的时间特征 ,可将其划分为突变型地质灾害和缓变型环境地质问题两大类。崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷 ,矿坑突水、瓦斯爆炸等地质灾害属于前者 ;水土流失、地下水污染、煤矸石自燃等环境地质问题属于后者。笔者概述了各灾种的发育特征和危害现状 ,分析探讨了其形成的自然因素和人为因素 ,并提出了相应的防灾减灾对策及建议。

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS INDUCED BY MINING IN LIAONING PROVINCE AND SOME PREVENTION AND CONTROLL SUGGESTIONS

Liaoning province is greatly rich in mineral resources with a very long history of mining By the end of 1998, there are found more than 110 kinds of mineral resources in nearly 3000 mineral occurrences owned by 8931 mining enterprises The mineral resources in Liaoning province,which have been developed so strongly and with such a large scale,have greatly pushed forword the rapid development of the economic in Liaoning province,but also induced many mining environmental geological problems, which have heavily influenced the ecologic environment of Liaoning province According to the rapid of hazard developing, the mining environmental geological problems can be classified into sudden type geological hazards and gentle type environmental geological problems The former happen suddenly with a heavy destructiveness and usually cause heavy economic losses and casualties, such as breakdown,landslide,mine water invasion,gas explosion,etc ;the latter have buried and gradully changing characteristics,which was usually overlooked and once they get destructive of the environment,it will be very difficult to controll them, such as soil erosion,groundwater pollution,ail pollution caused by gangue self combustion,etc In the paper, the characteristics and hazard present situation of above mentioned mining environmental geological problems are analysed, and their natural and man made factors are also discussed In the end, the author put forward some suggestions to prevent and reduce these environmental geologic hazards