富水断层非标准三角堰测法流量计算方法及工程应用

公路、铁路、水利水电、矿山等隧道工程建设和运营过程中，不可避免地会遭遇塌方、突涌水等地质灾害问题，围岩失稳破坏和渗流突变是发生突水的直接原因。为查明龙南隧道F₈富水断层洞身范围涌水来源及其涌水量的大小，采用非标准三角堰测法结合矩形堰测法现场监测F₈断层地表上、下游流量。本研究提出非标准三角堰测法的基本概念，并根据标准三角堰测法流量公式，结合流量的等效原理，推导出了非标准三角堰测法流量公式。通过理论与实测数据进行比较，证明了本公式的合理性。研究结果表明，非标准三角堰测法流量公式的推导为现场流量实测提供了方便，克服了标准三角堰测法公式适用范围不足的缺点，为分析断层破碎带洞身围岩范围内涌水量大小提供了可靠依据。 

Flow calculation method and engineering application of non-standard triangle weir measurement method for rich-water faults

In the construction and operation of tunnels such as highways, railways, water conservancy and hydropower, and mines, it is inevitable to encounter geological disasters such as collapse and water inrush. The instability and destruction of surrounding rocks and seepage sudden change are the direct causes of water inrush. To find out the source of water inrush and the amount of water inrush in the area of F₈ rich-water faults of Longnan tunnel, the non-standard triangular weir measuring method and the rectangular weir measuring method are used to monitor the flow of F₈ surface upstream and downstream. In this paper, the basic concept of non-standard triangular weir method is put forward, and according to the flow formula of standard triangular weir measuring method and the principle of flow equivalence, the flow formula of non-standard triangular weir measuring method is derived. The rationality of the formula is proved by comparing the theory with the measured data. The results show that the derivation of the flow formula of the non-standard triangular weir measurement method provides convenience for the field flow measurement, overcomes the shortcomings of the application scope of the standard triangular weir measurement method formula, and provides a reliable basis for the analysis of the water inflow in the surrounding rock of the tunnel body in the fault fracture zone.