智利楚基卡马塔斑岩型铜矿研究进展

智利楚基卡马塔铜矿是世界上最大的斑岩型铜矿床。总结了该矿床形成的区域地质背景,并从围岩蚀变特征、矿化阶段的划分、成岩成矿年龄以及矿床的破坏和保存等方面对该矿床进行了详细介绍,最后分析了矿床成因,建立了该矿床的找矿模型与找矿标志。结果表明,楚基卡马塔铜矿床位于安第斯造山带中部,产于楚基卡马塔侵入杂岩体中,主要受西部断裂控制;蚀变分带呈不规则状展布,矿化与石英-绢云母化密切相关;矿床氧化带发育,含有氯铜矿和孔雀石等矿物,与我国土屋斑岩型铜矿具有相似之处;楚基卡马塔铜矿床形成于晚始新世-早渐新世,其成岩成矿物质主要来自地幔,含矿斑岩体具有较高的氧逸度,与我国玉龙和驱龙斑岩型铜矿有相似之处;楚基卡马塔铜矿床的形成经历了多次矿化叠加,与南美板块和法拉隆板块之间的快速斜向俯冲运动有关。对楚基卡马塔铜矿地质特征及控矿因素的总结,可以为我国斑岩铜矿的找矿勘查提供参考。 

New Progress on the Chuquicamata Porphyry Copper Deposit,Chile

Chuquicamata copper deposit is the largest porphyry copper deposit in the world.The paper summarizes the regional geological setting of the deposit formation,and in more detail describes the deposit from the following aspects:the alteration features,mineralization stages,diagenetic age,mineralization age and the destruction and preservation.The paper at last further analyses the genesis of the deposit,establishing the prospecting model and prospecting indicators of the deposit.The conclusion demonstrates that Chuquicamata copper deposit,located in the central Andean orogenic belt,occurs in the Chuquicamata intrusive rocks and is mainly controlled by the Western fracture.The alteration zonation of the deposit is distributed in irregular shape and mineralization is closely related to the quartz-sericitization.The deposit has developed oxidation zone,and contains atacamite and malachite,which is similar with Tuwu porphyry copper deposit in China.The deposit was formed in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene.The diagenetic and metallogenic materials are derived from the mantle,and the ore-bearing porphyry has a high oxygen fugacity,which is similar with Yulong and Qulong porphyry copper deposits in China.The formation of the deposit had experienced a number of superimposed mineralization.Metallogenic dynamic studies indicate that the formation of the deposit is related to quick oblique subduction movement between the South American plate and the Farallon plate.The geological characteristics and ore-controlling factors of Chuquicamata copper deposit summarized in this paper will offer valuable references for the exploration of porphyry copper deposit in China.