澳门附近海域沉积物污染状况及特征分析

掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显,澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差,沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关,大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性,表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。

Polluted Sediment Conditions and Features of Sea Area Near Macao

In this paper, the contamination of marine sediment of main sea area nearby Macao from 1997 to 1999 was evaluated and analyzed. As a result, situation of Macao marine sediment pollution and its features were those below: 1 ) Heavy metal and oil content in sediment are higher and exceed to the Standard Value seriously, all contaminants except total Hg are higher than those of other the ports sediments such as Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Zhuhai; 2) It is the obvious influence of human activities for the distribution of contaminants in Macau sediment. Macao' s import is the most serious sediment-pollutes area because of the blowdown of ships, pier work and coastal industries and sewage emission. 3) It is obvious to get the influence of the exchange of water quality. Because of more rapid change that the areas such as Macau' s outport and COLOANE island northeast get pearl river runoff to affect the exchange of water quality, the content of contaminants in sediment is lower; While the exchange of water quality changes comparatively slow in its import, the content of contaminant in sediment is higher. 4 ) It is associated sediment components and contaminants. Most of contaminants in sediment were better attached to powder sand. This shows that powder sand has the extensive adsorption ability for contaminant ( especially Cu, Zn, Cd, oil and total organic carbon) than other sediment type.